About us
- R-DF85 (under R-L21 > R-DF13 > R-DF85): A prominent English/Irish branch, mentioned in pedigree analyses. Associated with Yorkshire/Durham origins; ~20–30% of project testers. TMRCA estimates ~1,500–2,000 years, but surname-level matches suggest 400–600 years.
- R-BY132893 and similar R1b-U106 branches: Linked to Low Countries/Germanic migrations into England; ~10–15% of testers. Often tied to northern English or Scottish Border lineages.
- R-L270 (under R1b-P312): Rare but noted in some pedigrees; potential Celtic/British ties.
- I-M253 (I1 haplogroup): ~5–10%, Scandinavian/North Germanic influence, possibly Viking-era admixture in Yorkshire.
- E-V13: <5%, Mediterranean/Balkan origins, indicating non-paternal events (NPEs) or pre-surname adoptions.
- Other minorities: Possible J-M267 or G branches, but unconfirmed in project-specific data.