BALLARD origin - Pre Roman Briton - R1b-Y22442 (12th Aug 2023)

Sorbring (474803) Howes (412720) Barr (B62215) Short (IN107472) Kuss (319861 &  968955) Ballard (IN91033 & IN90751 & 258423) Howard (516655)

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According to FTDNA "Ancestral Path" & "Globetrekker" utility, R1b-Y22442 was present on mainland Britain at about 1750 BC or circa 3750 years ago during the  early phase bronze age Beaker culture migration.

Recently discovered burial remains corroborate a presence (DUX010) with a sample of R1b-Y22442, C14 dated around 100 AD In the Cambridge area of Britain, the pre Roman tribal lands of the Catuvellauni, The dominant Roman era Invasion resistance force, a Belgic tribe migrated into Britain about the 1st Century BC, said to have originated from the Gaulish, Catalauni tribe.

Further evidence with another ancient burial tested at R1b-1205, a subclade under R1b-Y22442 is to be found also at Cambridgeshire, Britain (Hatherdene 17) who lived about 500 AD.

Both samples cited above also had typical British Isles MTDNA the DUX010 illustrating that this haplogroup "could" possibly have been in Britain earlier than Roman occupation this is further demonstrated with the Burial sample of : (SLONKHILL l7632) found in Sussex, testing positive for an earlier haplotype in this line R1b-S1200 (CTS4528). He most likely would have had subclades below this  but the sample may have been degraded for deeper testing but the dating is of relevance, He lived about 300 BC found in the ancient tribal lands of the Regnenses.

Between 30 AD and 40 AD the Regnenses territory came under pressure from the Catuvellauni to the north. They seized Silchester and Regnenses tribal leader, Verica fled to Rome, providing the Emperor Claudius with a pretext for the invasion of 43 AD.

The positive samples in this haplogroup may have been indigenous before the arrival of the Belgic's and assimilated into the dominating tribal incomers , Caratacus, leader of the Catuvellauni upon his retreat he joined with the Silures in south Wales, he must have had an affinity with them to have been confident enough to seek refuge and from them raise stronger forces to continue the fight against Rome genealogies have him descended from ancient Britons back to Beli Mawr, so he himself or any of his followers may or may not have been from recent Belgic incomer stock.

In Summary ;

 1. FTDNA date mapping of R1b-Y22442 estimates a very early pre Roman, British presence.,

 2. Three "3" Genetic & C14 date tested ancient burials of this haplogroup all found in Britain, the earliest dated living about 300 BC, pre Catuvellauni

 3. Surname "Howes"  - Hundredorum Rolls of 1273, Cambridgeshire.

4. (a) Surname "Ballard" - Curia Regis Rolls 1210, Cambridgeshire, early documents  Ramsey Abbey & St Ives, Cambridgeshire. (b) Beli hardd ap Brochwell / Brochvel / Brochfael - Cearwent (Silures) Domesday Charters, Family removed to Somerset.

 corrections & additions gratefully received.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04287-4

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catuvellauni

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.31.551265v1.full

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catuvellauni

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalauni

https://discover.familytreedna.com/y-dna/R-S1205/tree

https://discover.familytreedna.com/y-dna/R-S1205/path

https://discover.familytreedna.com/y-dna/R-S1205/globetrekker

https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/arts/classics/warwickclassicsnetwork/romancoventry/resources/prehistoricbritain/bronzeage/

R1b-P312 > R-FGC36918 >+ (30/10/2022)

Gregory Ballard, Chief Butler of England (1396–1399)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Butler_of_England

Three BIGY700 BALLARD samples have recently been identified as being under the SNP, R1b-P312 > R-FGC36918 this SNP dating to around 1000 ybp.

names included under this SNP; BALLARD, RANDOLF, HOWARTH, EATON, MOBRAY.

In early documents, what are described as, Anglo Norman BALLARD's, the Name Randolph Ballard features, this could correlate for the samples tested with the surname Randolph (fils "son of") and the name being handed down earlier on.

The surname HOWARTH could be a variant of HOWARD, descended form the Earls of Arundel

On quick inspection, early, EATON families appear to be in proximity to BALLARD allied family names including HUSSEY and FITZALAN.

The name MOWBRAY, descend from Nigel d'Aubigny / Albini - 1st Earl of Arundel - founder of the House of Mowbray. The ancient decent of this line going back into Norway "Normans".

My conjecture is that the name BALLARD, in this line, developed and anglicised from the Norman family name (d'Aubigny) Bosc-le hard > Bosco de Rohardi > Boscroard > de Borard > Baltard and its other various cadences. A small amount of internet research will soon show the connections.

In summary, This line needs a great deal of work to firm up the connection, but enough circumstantial evidence exists to investigate a relationships to the "Earls of Arundel" and the "Kent Ballard's".

If you able to find substantive pedigrees for this line and the owners are reluctant to take a DNA test to confirm due to cost constraints, you may be able to sway them if you offer to sponsor this single SNP test.

The terminal SNP for this BALLARD line currently stands at; R-FGC43146.

The terminal "Catch all", SNP is approximately R-FGC36918 - https://discover.familytreedna.com/y-dna/R-FGC36918/tree