This study is an offshoot of the Pepler one-name study. the name first appears as Peplowe in the 1200s in England. It also arises as Bepler in Germany. By the 1500s and 1600s there are Peplows in Germany and Peplers in England. The present study has located about 13,000 individuals including spouses. One tree in England seems to account for 4,000. Another has 1000 to 1500. And then there are the German groups. Hopefully, this study will help determine if there are connections. The family trees can be seen at http://pepler.one-name.net.