Ashkenazi Jewish males with Sephardic roots. There are Ashkenazi families from Eastern, Western, Northern and Central Europe who have Spanish or Portuguese surnames or an oral history of having Sephardic ancestors. The goal of this project is to determine if the Y-DNA haplogroups and haplotype signatures of males with Iberian surnames or oral history in Ashkenazi regions are similar to those of known Sephardic Jews or descendants of conversos. All male Sephardim and descendants of conversos are welcome to join the project too, with or without ancestry from Eastern Europe.