Revised  03/31/2022

The 96 members in the Hutton project with Y-DNA test resultshave been portioned into 19 subgroups. These subgroups are listed below in the order they appear in Y-DNAResults Classic and Y-DNA Results Colorized charts.  The following list contains the number ofmembers and subgroup name for each of the 19 subgroups:

·      1        Subgroup1.0: E1b1 (E-P2)                   

·      1        Subgroup2.0: G (G-M201)

·      5        Subgroup3.0: I1 (I-M253)

·      7        Subgroup3.1: I1 (I-M253) John Hatton (1555-1632)

·      2        Subgroup3.2: I1 (I-M253) Allen Hutton (1814 - )

·      8        Subgroup3.3: I1 (I-M253) William Huttpn, Sr (1755 - 1781)

·      1        Subgroup4.0: I2 (I-P215)

·      4        Subgroup5.0: J2 (J-M172)

·      11       Subgroup5.1: J2 (J-M172) George Hutton (1752 - 1842)

·      1        Subgroup6.0: R1b1 (R-P25)

·      28       Subgroup7.0: R1b1a2 (R-M269)

·      15       Subgroup7.1: R1b1a2 (R-M269) John Hutton (~1629 - ~1684)

·      2        Subgroup7.2: R1b1a2 (R-M269) Thomas C. Hutton

·      2        Subgroup7.3: R1b1a2 (R-M269) Ezekiel Hutton (~1820 - )

·      2        Subgroup7.4: R1b1a2 (R-M269) James Hadden bc 1779

·      2        Subgroup7.5: R1b1a2 (R-M269)

·      2        Subgroup7.6: R1b1a2 (R-M269)

·      1        Subgroup8,0: R1a1a (R-M198)

·      1        Subgroup7.5: R1a1a (R-M512)

Each subgroup name contains the haplogroup in both the longform and the short form.  For example, Subgroup 7.0 R1b1a2 (R-M269) means thehaplogroup long name (as defined by the ISSOG 2014 haplotree) is R1b1a2 and thehaplogroup short name used by FTDNA is R-M269 where M269 is the SNP associatedwith that particular haplogroup.

Each member in Subgroup 7.0, 7.1, 7.2, … 7.6 is inhaplogroup R1b1a2 or a subclave (subset or sub-branch) of R1b1a2.  Same rule holds for the other Subgroups.

Each member in Subgroup 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0,8.0, or 9.0 is not currently related (based on genetic distance) to any othermember in the Hutton project.

Each member in Subgroup 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 5.1, 7.1, 7.2, … 7.6is related to the members in his Subgroup but not to any member in another Subgroup.  The Subgroup name for each of these 10 subgroupscontains contains the name of the common most distant known ancestor when know.

At first glance, it may seem like a lot of Subgroups for 92Hutton YDNA members.  I will attempt toexplain below the rational used in creating this particular subgrouping structureand how to interpret the results. 

The 19 named subgroups shown above were created by theproject administrator via the Group Administrator Page (GAP) website.  The administrator is free to choose thesubgroup name and header color. 

The first criteria for partitioning the project members wasbased on Y-DNA Haplogroups.  Before discussing the Hutton projecthaplogroups, some background information is given below.

Haplogroups define deep ancestry and the migration of humansaround the world from the first humans in Africa.  A haplogroup is are based on a SNP test whichis totally different from the Y-DNA test used to determine the STR markers suchas Y-12, Y-25, Y-37, Y-67, or Y-111.  Oneor more SNPs can be tested at the same time. The set of haplogroups form a haplotree with many branches called subclaves.   Eachsubclave has a particular SNP and haplogroup associated with it.  As more and more new SNPs are discovered thehaplotree keeps expanding with new haplogroups that form branches (subclaves) splitting off of the current branches(subclaves). 

So far, the Hutton project members conveniently subdividedin the following 8 haplogroups:

          LongForm      Short Form

1.   E1b1            (E-P2)

2.   G                 (G-M201)

3.   I1                 (I-M253)

4.   I2                 (I-P215)

5.   J2                 (J-M172)

6.   R1a1a          (R-M198)

7.   R1a1a          (R-M512)

8.   R1b1            (R-P25)

9.   R1b1a2         (R-M269)

The notations for the haplogroup comprise both a long fromand a short form. The long form is the code used by ISOGG in defining thebranches and subbranches of the haplotree. The short form is the haplogroupassigned by FTDNA based on the Y-DNA trst results. Several short forms may fallunder the same long form. An example are items 6 and 7 shown above.   Given the short form generated by FTDNA, thecorresponding long form was determined by going to the website https://isogg.org/tree/2014/ISOGG_HapgrpR14.html.  

The initial letters E, G, I, J, R correspond to distinctmain branches of the haplotree. Haploproup R1b1a2 is a subset or subclave ofR1b1. Note that short form of the haplogroup starts with a letter corres[ondingto a main branch of the haplotree.

For 2 Hutton project members to possibly be related theymust first both belong in just one of the 9  haplogroups listed above.  Being in the same haplogroup is necessary butnot sufficient to prove 2 members are related. 

Once the members had been partitioned among the 9 basichaplogroups, the next step was to examine the members in each basic haplogroupto see who was related who.  The criteriafor determining if two members were related was based on genetic distance. The particular criteria has been chosen to be thenumbers shown below.  The actual GeneticDistance must be less than or equal to the max values shown below for at least25 or more markers.  The comparison of 12markers is a judgment call.

          12                 1

          25                 2

          37                 4

          67                 7

          111               10

On the Genetic Distance page, there is a limit on the maximumgenetic distance between the project member you have selected and those whoappear on the comparison list. The maximum genetic distances are:

• Y-DNA12:  3
• Y-DNA25: 10
• Y-DNA37: 20
• Y-DNA67: 40
• Y-DNA111: 80

The maximum genetic distances havebeen set to be more than what one would expect to find in the genealogical timeframe and for higher testing levels, the historic time frame.

Another subgroup called Ungroupedmay present from time to time.  It is thearea where new members reside before they assigned a named subgroup.