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According to Wikipedia, The Gallagher (Old Irish: Ó Gallchobhair, Ó Gallchobhoir; Modern Irish: Ó Gallachóir) family is an Irish clan based in County Donegal, Ulster. The clan name originated in the 10th century as a derivative of its founder Gallchobhair mac Rorcan.[1] The Gallaghers descend in the paternal line from the Northern Uí Néill’s Cenél Conaill.[2] The immediate progenitors of the Gallaghers held the High Kingship of Ireland during the 6th and 7th centuries in the form of Ainmuire mac Sétnai, Áed mac Ainmuirech, Máel Coba mac Áedo and Cellach mac Máele Coba; Áed was also an ancestor of the O'Donnell and O'Doherty clans. Indeed, during the Middle Ages, the Gallaghers were hereditary Marshals (military leaders) of the Kingdom of Tyrconnell, ruled by their kinsmen the O'Donnells.
Here is another portion of Wikipedia Gallacher is a surname of Irish origin and is a variant of the Gaelic Ó Gallchóbhair found chiefly in Scotland. The name Ó Gallchóbhair has been variously anglicised as Gallagher, Gallaher, Gallaugher, Goligher etc.
http://www.gallagherclan.org/atw_scotland.aspx states this:
The Gallaghers or Gallachers as they are more commonly called in Scotland, have long associations with Scotland.
In the 19th century as the Industrial Revolution gained pace in Scotland and Ireland hit very hard times, the inhabitants in the poorer regions of the North West of Ireland discovered in Scotland a source of employment and indeed salvation. Many Gallaghers, along with their fellow countrymen, took the “Boat” to Scotland. The “Boat” being the cattle boat that plied from Derry Quay to Scotland and which also carried passengers. It appears that the Scots officials often transcribed the name (probably from Gaelic which would have been the native tongue in Ireland at the period) to Gallacher and so we have two forms of the name widely used in Scotland today, i.e. Gallagher and Gallacher.