Blais - Haplogroup J2b1


Y-DNA Haplogroup J and its Subclades - 2011
http://isogg.org/tree/ISOGG_HapgrpJ.html

Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_J2_%28Y-DNA%29):

Haplogroup J2 is subdivided into two complementary sub-haplogroups: J2a (defined by the M410 genetic marker) and J2b (defined by the M12 genetic marker). J2b, in turn, branches into J2b1 (defined by the M205 genetic marker) and J2b2 (defined by the M241 genetic marker).

Haplogroup J2 is found mainly in the Fertile Crescent, the Caucasus, Anatolia, the Balkans, Italy, the Mediterranean littoral, the Iranian plateau, Central Asia, and South Asia. More specifically it is found in Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Turkey, Israel, Palestine, Greece, Italy and the eastern coasts of the Iberian Peninsula, and more frequently in Iraqis 29.7%, Lebanese 25%, Palestinians 16.8%, Syrians 22.5%, Sephardic Jews 29%, Kurds 28.4%, Saudi Arabia 15.92%, Jordan 14.3%, Oman 10-15%, UAE 10.4%, Yemen 9.7%, in Israel, in Palestine, and in Turkey. J2 is found at very high frequencies in the peoples of the Caucasus - among the Georgians 21%-72%, Azeris 24%-48%, Ingush 32%, Chechens 26%, Balkars 24%, Ossetians 24%, Armenians 21.3%-24%, and other groups. In Europe, the frequency of Haplogroup J2 drops dramatically as one moves northward away from the Mediterranean. In Italy, J2 is found with regional frequencies ranging between 9% and 36%. In Greece, it is found with regional frequencies ranging between 10% and 48%. Frequencies are high in Turkey, approximately 24% of Turkish men are J2 according to a recent study, with regional frequencies ranging between 13% and 40%. Combined with J1, up to half of the Turkish population belongs to Haplogroup J.

Haplogroup J2b-M12 was associated with Neolithic Greece (ca. 8500 - 4300 BCE) and was reported to be found in modern Crete (3.1%) and mainland Greece (Macedonia 7.0%, Thessaly 8.8%, Argolis 1.8%). Sephardic Jews have about 29% of haplogroup J2 and Ashkenazi Jews have 23%, or 19%. It was reported in an early study which tested only four STR markers that a small sample of Italian Cohens belonged to Network 1.2, an early designation for the overall clade now known as J2a4, defined by the deletion at DYS413. However, a large number of all Jewish Cohens in the world belong to haplogroup J1 (see Cohen modal haplotype). J2 subclades are also found in Iran, Central Asia, and South Asia. Haplogroup J2 has been shown to have a more northern distribution in the Middle East, although it exists in significant amounts in the southern middle-east regions, a lesser amount of it was found when compared to its brother haplogroup, J1, which has a high frequency southerly distribution. This suggests that, if the occurrence of Haplogroup J among modern populations of Europe, Central Asia, and South Asia does reflect Neolithic demic diffusion from the Middle East, the source population is more likely to have originated from Anatolia, the Levant or northern Mesopotamia than from regions further south. A substantial presence of J2b is found in the Balkans and neighboring parts of Greece in the West, and in both tribal and caste populations of the Indian subcontinent to the East. The high variance of J2b2 in South Asia indicates a probable pre-Neolithic migration.

J2b1 was formed in the Near East about 15,000 years ago (± 5000 years). Virtually absent in Europe, it is found in diverse forms in the Near East.

Origins, age, spread and ethnic association of European haplogroups and subclades
http://www.eupedia.com/europe/origins_haplogroups_europe.shtml

Migrations in Europe - Maps
http://www.eupedia.com/europe/neolithic_europe_map.shtml

Y-DNA Blais Surname Group Project Results