This is a project to genetically test people of Crimean Karaite, Lithuanian Karaite, Galician Karaite, and Polish Karaite backgrounds. We are looking to establish any genetic connections between East European Karaites and such peoples as Crimean Tatars, North Caucasian Turks, Jews, Slavs, and/or Iranians. This may help us to evaluate various theories proposing that Karaites descend from Khazars, Kipchaks, Mongolians, and/or Israelites.