Y-DNA results:

Haplogroup A

Haplogroup A is the earliest diverging Y-DNA haplogroup and is primarily found in Africa. The distribution of haplogroup A in Eritrea and the broader Northeast African region shows its highest frequencies among the Nilo-Saharan and Omotic speakers, while it is found at a range between low to moderate among Afro-Asiatic speakers.

1*

These members are positive of the SNP M32 and cluster under its downstream subclade A-M13.

Haplogroup B

Haplogroup B is the second-earliest diverging Y-DNA haplogroup and is primarily found in Africa. The distribution of haplogroup B in Eritrea and the broader Northeast African region shows its highest frequencies among the Nilo-Saharan and Omotic speakers, while it is very rare among the Afro-Asiatic speakers.

2*

These members are positive of the SNP M181 and cluster under the B-M182 subclade.

Haplogroup E1b1a

Haplogroup E1b1a, also known as E-V38, is the largest sub-Saharan Y-DNA lineage. The distribution of E1b1a in Eritrea and the broader Northeast African region shows its highest frequencies among Omotic speakers and some Nilo-Saharan speakers, while it is relatively rare among Afro-Asiatic speakers.

Some ancient remains carrying this Y-DNA lineage have been found in southern Ethiopia (Tuto Fela) and central Ethiopia (Mota), showing a long genetic continuation in the region.

3*

These members are positive of the SNP V38 and cluster under the E-M329 subclade.

Haplogroup E1b1b

Haplogroup E1b1b, also known as E-M215, is the largest Y-DNA lineage in Eritrea and the broader Northeast African region. The distribution of E1b1b in this region shows its highest frequencies among the Afro-Asiatic speakers, while also being relatively common among the various Nilo-Saharan and Omotic-speaking groups.

4.1*

These members are positive of the SNP M281.

4.2*

These members are positive of the SNP M78 and cluster under either E-V32 or E-V22.

4.3*

These members are positive of the SNP CTS10298 (Z830) and cluster under either E-V1515 (CTS10880) or E-M84 (L795).

4.4*

These members are positive of the SNP M81 and cluster under E-PF2546.

Haplogroup E2

Haplogroup E2, also known as E-M75, is an uncommon Y-DNA lineage in Eritrea and the broader Northeast African region. The distribution of E-M75 shows it is more commonly found among the Nilo-Saharan speakers, though it does have a small presence among the Afro-Asiatic speakers.

5*

These members are positive of the SNP M41.

Haplogroup J

Haplogroup J and its two branches, J1 (M267) and J2 (M172), are among the largest Y-DNA lineages of Afro-Asiatic speakers in the Middle East and Africa. The distribution of haplogroup J in Eritrea and the broader Northeast African region shows its highest frequencies among the Semitic-speaking branch of Afro-Asiatic, though it is found to varying degrees among some Cushitic-speaking Afro-Asiatics and very scarcely among Nilo-Saharans and Omotics.

6.1* 

These members are positive of and cluster under the subclade J-P56.

6.2a* 

These members are positive of the SNP L858 and cluster under either J-FGC11 or J-Z642.

6.2b*

These members are positive of the SNP L860.

6.2c*

These members are positive of the SNP S4924 and cluster under the subclade J-ZS8629.

Haplogroup T

Haplogroup T is among the sparsest Y-DNA lineages of Eurasian origin. The distribution of haplogroup T in Eritrea and the broader Northeast African region shows that it does not exceed 5% of the total population. Its highest frequencies in Eritrea and its surroundings are among Semitic speakers and a few Cushitic-speaking clans, while it is very scarce among Nilo-Saharan and Omotic speakers.

8.1*

These members are positive of the SNP PF7455.

8.2*

These members are positive of the SNP CTS2214.

8.3*

These members are positive of the SNP Y16897.