yDNA Haplogroups are based on SNPs, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, that occur in the non recombining region of the y-Chromosome. Haplogroup Q is one of two clades within the mega-Haplogroup P. It is defined by the SNP M242. This mutation is believed to have occurred 15,000 - 20,000 years ago. Q is found in Asia, the Americas, Europe, and the Middle East.
On May 5, 2008 Karafet 2008 was published in Genome Research. This rolled out the new Y-Chromosome Consortium Tree, YCC, which FamilyTreeDNA has adopted. The new tree has brought many changes to Q. The three prior defining SNPs, M242, P36, and MEH2 have been found to be non redundant.
"Clade Q
Clade Q is defined by the M242 mutation (Supplemental Fig. 15). Within this clade, there are 13 haplogroups marked by 17 SNPs, as well as an unmarked paragroup (Q*). Haplogroup Q is distributed widely in North Eurasia and is found at high frequencies in some Siberian groups (Karafet et al. 2002) and at low frequencies in Europe, East Asia, and the Middle East. It is also the major lineage among the Native Americans, with Q-M3 (Q1a3a) being almost completely restricted to the Americas (Zegura et al. 2004). Undifferentiated paragroup Q* is observed at low frequencies in India and Pakistan.
Major rearrangements
The M242 mutation is positioned upstream of P36.2. MEH2 was not typed in a set of our samples; however, there is evidence that MEH2 is a subset of the Q-P36.2 haplogroup (Peter de Knijff, pers. comm.)."
- P
- P*
- Q {M242}
- Q*
- Q1 {P36.2}
- Q1*
- Q1a {MEH2}
- Q1a1 {M120, N14}
- Q1a2 {M25, M143}
- Q1a3 {M346}
- Q1a3a {M3}
- Q1a3a*
- Q1a3a1 {M19}
- Q1a3a2 {M194}
- Q1a3a3 {M199, P106, P292}
- Q1a4 {P48}
- Q1a5 {P89}
- Q1a6 {M323}
- Q1b {M378}
- R
Links and References
Terminology
Every field has its own jargon. That of DNA Genealogy is an amalgam of Genetics, Genealogy, and Statistics. Read more...
STRs
Between the standard and advanced marker panels there are over 100 STR markers avalable. Read more...
SNPs
SNPs are the foundation of the y-chromosome tree. As they are discovered, they refine our knowledge of the paths our forefathers took. Read more...
Published Populations
Reading the works of population geneticists and anthropologists can tell us about even our recent history. Read more...
Databases
- Family Tree DNA's open y-Chromosome Database: ySearch
- The Sorenson Family of Companies non-profit Foundation's proprietary database: SMGF Database
E-mail Lists/Forums
Journals and News Letters
- American Journal of Human Genetics
- Annals of Human Genetics
- European Journal of Human Genetics
- Family Tree DNA Newsletter: Facts & Genes
- Family Tree DNA Newsletter: Facts & Genes Archives
- Genome Research
- Human Genetics
- Journal of Genetic Genealogy
- Society for Molecular Biology
Organizations
Websites about y–chromosome DNA
Websites about History
Please cite this site as: Rebekah Canada (2008) Y-DNA Haplogroup Q, FamilyTreeDNA.