R1a1a and Subclades Y-DNA Project- Background

Background

This Project is open for all R1a1a (M198+) Y-haplogroup members. We encourage our members to test at least 37 STR-markers in order to review your haplotype.

Please ask our expert advice before ordering any SNP tests, including the Deep Clade test. We can then give appropriate recommendations in private email.

The R1a1a and Subclades administrators team:

* Łukasz Lubicz Łapiński (Poland)
Founder and main administrator of the project. Ph.D in Polish history.
Specialisation: Polish Genealogy and Heraldry
Administrator of Masovian Nobility Project, Nobility of Grand Duchy of Lithuania Y-DNA & mtDNA Project, Lubicz Clan Y-DNA Project
M458 section, Central European subclades.

* Larry Mayka (United States)
Experienced genetic genealogist, responsible for the R1a section at ISOGG. Admin of POLISH FTDNA Project
Consultant for all clades, classification system.

* A.J. Levin (Canada)
Moderator at DNA-Forum, Genetic Genealogy Community Forum.
Z93 section, Asian subclades

* Anshumat Parasar (United States)
Z93 section, Asian subclades

* Michał Milewski (Poland)
Researcher in the field of medical genetics and cell biology. Ph.D. in Medical Biology.
Z280 section, Eurasian subclades.

* Anne M Berge (Norway)
Admin of NORWAY Project
Z284 and L664 sections, Scandinavian subclades.
Nordic secretary for the project: write in Norsk, Svenska, Dansk, Deutsch as well as English.

* Andrew McEachern (Australia)
Manager Data Centres Facilities and Networks
Co authored Scotland's R1a1 Highland Clansmen, DNA genealogy and the search for Somerled (with Anatole Klyosov)
Administrator of McEachern Y-DNA Project

* Mariusz Wilkoszewski (Poland)
Creating our website and the informative maps, charts and updates.

Information about R1a1a on our webpage
Make sure you check in here and look for:
* News section with updates on new discoveries
* Results section with maps and descriptions of the subclades (under construction)
* Members' results sections of STR-values sorted into subclades and the list of SNPs each member has actually tested.





Communication with other members:
There is a special subforum for R1a and Subclades at DNA Forums, where anyone can register to read, post and respond.

If you are on Facebook, please like our official page.

Resources:
* ISOGG's Y-tree has a detailed overview of known SNPs to define subclades.
* R1a.org - by Paul Shvarov
* Wikipedia's page on R1a
* Polish Clades by Peter Gwozdz
* The Nordic R1a-project an informal Google group in Norwegian

Research and Scientific Papers:
* Karafet et al. 2008. "New Binary Polymorphisms Reshape and Increase Resolution of the Human Y-Chromosomal Haplogroup Tree." Genome Research 18 (5): 830
* Behar et al. 2003. "Multiple Origins of Ashkenazi Levites: Y Chromosome Evidence for Both Near Eastern and European Ancestries." American Journal of Human Genetics. 
* Dupuy et al. 2005. "Geographical heterogeneity of Y-chromosomal lineages in Norway." Forensic Science International. 
* Kayser et al. 2005. "Significant genetic differentiation between Poland and Germany follows present-day political borders, as revealed by Y-chromosome analysis." Human Genetics., 117  
* Sengupta et al. 2006. "Polarity and Temporality of High-Resolution Y-Chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists." American Journal of Human Genetics. 
* Karlsson et al. 2006. "Y-chromosome diversity in Sweden – A long-time perspective." European Journal of Human Genetics. 
* Lappalainen et al. 2008. "Migration Waves to the Baltic Sea Region." Annals of Human Genetics. 
* Balanovsky et al. 2008. "Two Sources of the Russian Patrilineal Heritage in Their Eurasian Context." American Journal of Human Genetics.
* Gwozdz 2009. "Y-STR Mountains in Haplospace, Part II: Application to Common Polish Clades." Journal of Genetic Genealogy.
* Klyosov 2009. "DNA Genealogy, Mutation Rates, and Some Historical Evidence Written in Y-Chromosome, Part II: Walking the Map." Journal of Genetic Genealogy.
* Sharma et al. 2008. "The Indian origin of paternal haplogroup R1a1* substantiates the autochthonous origin of Brahmins and the caste system." Journal of Human Genetics.
* Underhill et al. 2009. "Separating the post-Glacial coancestry of European and Asian Y chromosomes within haplogroup R1a." European Journal of Human Genetics.
* Woźniak et al. 2010. "Similarities and Distinctions in Y Chromosome Gene Pool of Western Slavs." American Journal of Physical Anthropology.
* Primorac et al. 2011. "Croatian genetic heritage: Y-chromosome story." Croatian Medical Journal.
* Haber et al. 2012. "Afghanistan's Ethnic Groups Share a Y-Chromosomal Heritage Structured by Historical Events." Public Library of Science.

Ancient Haplogroup R1a:
* Schilz 2006; Schweitzer 2008. "Lichtenstein Cave Data Analysis."
* Haak et al. 2008. "Ancient DNA, Strontium isotopes, and osteological analyses shed light on social and kinship organization of the Later Stone Age." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
* Keyser et al. 2009. "Ancient DNA provides new insights into the history of south Siberian Kurgan people." Human Genetics.
* Li et al. 2010. "Evidence that a West-East admixed population lived in the Tarim Basin as early as the early Bronze Age." BMC Biology.
* Kim et al. 2010. "A Western Eurasian Male Is Found in 2000-Year-Old Elite Xiongnu Cemetery in Northeast Mongolia." American Journal of Physical Anthropology.
* Freder 2010. "Die mittelalterlichen Skelette von Usedom."