Small Font Medium Font Large Font

YDNA Haplogroup R1b-U106/S21+ Research Group

Project Background


Group Co-Administrators: Gary Corbett, Mike Maddi, David Weston


General Fund Status. Balance as of 30 Jul 09 = $139.


English Français Deutsch Italiano Nederlands Româna


R1b-U106/S21 References (English Only):

Working Draft of the Y Chromosome Tree Below R-M269. Thomas Krahn.

New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree, Genome Research (On-line), April 2008, Karafet, et al.

Y-DNA Haplogroup R and its Subclades. ISOGG.
Wikipedia R-U106 page


Academic Research Papers on U106 (aka S21, aka M405):

Sub-Populations Within the Major European and African Derived Haplogroups R1b3 and E3a Are Differentiated by Previously Phylogenetically Undefined Y-SNPs; Sims, Garvey and Ballantyne; HUMAN MUTATION Mutation in Brief #940 (2007) Online

Y-chromosome Short Tandem Repeat DYS458.2 Non-consensus Alleles Occur Independently in Both Binary Haplogroups J1-M267 and R1b3-M405; Myers, et al.; Croat Med J. 2007;48:450-9


General References:

The Journey of Mankind - The Peopling of the World Animated Map produced by the Bradshaw Foundation and Stephen Oppenheimer

Genetic History of Europe - Wikipedia