YDNA Haplogroup R1b-U106/S21+ Research Group


	YDNA Haplogroup R1b-U106/S21+ Research Group

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Group Administrator: David Weston
Group Co-Administrator: Dan Draghici, Mike Maddi and Gary Corbett

Project Surnames:

Anderson	Atkinson	Barksdale	Barr
Bartlebaugh	Berry	Blakely	Blevins
Bootle	Boulanger	Boyett	Brabazon
Bradford	Briggs	Brunner	Cake
Callanan	Carlsson	Carr	Carty
Cates	Cesaroni	Chamberlain	Chamblin
Cheshire	Cockburne	Coleman	Cone
Cook	Corbett	Cotter	Creel
Cunningham	Damvelt	Dick	Diermissen
Draghici	Dunbar	Edwards	Eisenhart
Ellis	Ericksson	Farral	Faulkner
Fitch	Forman	Fox	Francis
Frykman	Funch	German	Glass
Goforth	Goodwin	Grace	Green
Grimes	Gull	Hale	Hannah
Hart	Haynes	Hightower	Hilburn
Hilken	Hodges	Hokanson	Holden
Horrell	Huening	Hüning	Husberg
James	Johnson	Jones	Jørgensen
Joye	Kauffman	Keddie	Kelty
Key	Keys	Kinkead	Kipp
Knight	Lay	Lewter	Loe
Lowensteyn	Lowry	Lusk	M405
Maddi	Matheson	McMillan	McMillen
McMullen	Merrill	Miller	Moore
Morgan	Morris	Morrison	Neely
Nichols	Norris	O.'Brollaghain	Ohman
Parker	Pennington	Picton	Pissens
Platt	Pouncil	Quartemont	R1b1c9*
Raleigh	Ratcliffe	Rix	Roache
Robertson	Robinette	Roche	Rose
Rossen	Rossen-Jørgensen	Sadowski	Scott-Smith
Seevers	Selover	Shamblin	Smith
Sohl	Springer	Staples	Stevens
Still	Stubbs	Tarr	Tarry
Taylor	Thomas	Thompson	Tonkins
Tooley	Toye	U106	Ussery
Vick	Villa	Wade	Walker
Wall	West	Westerberg	White
Williams	Wilson	Wing	Wolcott
Wood	Woodworth	Woorth	Young
Zuercher	Zuiderent

Project Background:

This project was started to create a repository for YDNA haplotypes belonging to the haplogroup R1b-U106/S21 (formerly R1b1c9*), i.e. confirmed U106+, and L1- (non-null 439) and U198-.

R1b-U106/S21 References:

New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree, Genome Research (On-line), April 2008, Karafet, et al.

Y-DNA Haplogroup R and its Subclades - 2007

Wikipedia R1b-U106/S21 page

Academic Research Papers on U106 (aka S21, aka M405):

Sub-Populations Within the Major European and African Derived Haplogroups R1b3 and E3a Are Differentiated by Previously Phylogenetically Undefined Y-SNPs; Sims, Garvey and Ballantyne; HUMAN MUTATION Mutation in Brief #940 (2007) Online

Y-chromosome Short Tandem Repeat DYS458.2 Non-consensus Alleles Occur Independently in Both Binary Haplogroups J1-M267 and R1b3-M405; Myers, et al.; Croat Med J. 2007;48:450-9

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Project Background, Goals, Results and News are copyright of the specific Surname Project

Project Goals:

The initial group goal is to build up a sufficiently large membership (mininum 100 participants) to enable a statistically significant analysis of haplogroup R1b-U106/S21 geographic distribution and YSTR structure.

As membership grows more specific research objectives will be established.

Project News:

Haplogroup R1b1c9* will now be referred to as R1b-U106/S21 from today on this site. This recognizes R1b as the most stable upstream haplogroup designation and U106/S21 as the confirmed lowest downstream YSNP. This change is simpler naming convention in light of the new YDNA tree structure annouced in the April on-line issue of 2008 Genome Research, which designates U106/S21 as haplogroup R1b1b2g. 15 Apr 2005.

R1b1c9* Yahoogroup established
for research discussion. Discussion group open to non-participants. 10 Apr 2008.

Group established 24 March 2008.

Project Results:

Analysis updated 11 May 08 - 156 confirmed U106/S21+, unique participant haplotypes

European MDA origin statistics¹

Haplotype Comparisons^2,3

Phylogenetic Trees⁶

Genetic Distance Tables⁷

Individual Allele Statistics⁸

Notes:

R1b-U106/S21+ Research Group European region defintions.
R1b1c modal derived from Charles Kerchner R1b subclades project data and confirmed R1b1c YSearch entries as reported on John McEwan's R1b SNP Summary page.
Click participant Surname/ID hyperlink in comparison table to view Genetic Distances (GDs) and Time to Most Recent Common Ancestor (TMRCA) between that participant and all other participants with the same number of markers. GDs were calculated using a hybrid model scoring the total difference between alleles, except for DYS464, which was scored as 1 for per difference on each copy; and, Nulls were which were scored as 1 for a difference from non-Nulls. TMRCAs were calculated to a 95% probability using the step-wise mutation model extended (SSME) and Individual Allele Model (IAM) detailed by Walsh, 2001. Multi-copy markers were excluded from the SSME TMRCA calculations and differences between Null and non-Null allele values were scored as 1. Due to numerical processing limitations a few TMRCAs, indicated by red surname were calculated use the IAM and scaled up by a factor of 1.3 to bring estimates more in line with usual SSME TMRCA values.
67 and 37-marker haplotype comparisons sorted by corresponding Phylogenetic Tree Order from youngest branch to oldest
Haplotypes have been sorted by individual allele mutation rate ranking from slowest to fastest, grouped by allele repeat value from smallest to largest, then resorted in FTDNA order
Generated with the PHYLogeny Inference Package (PHYLIP) and Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) program from corresponding 37 and 67-marker haplotype comparison TMRCAs.
Genetic distance table built using Dean McGee's YDNA Comparison Utility. Mouse over GD value to see associated participant kit numbers.
95% CI column indicates uncertainty in allele frequency 95% of the time, i.e. uncertainty in frequency will be +/- x% 19 times in 20.