Results
Due to constant updates in the ISOGG numbering of subclades, our approach is to follow Ken Nordtvedt's "Founders Haplotypes for Y-
Haplogroup I Varieties and Clades" chart to identify the various subclades of our I2a group. Ken basically uses SNP numbers with further breakdowns according to his research findings. These SNP numbers won't be changing, (might have new snp's added later) but this will be a more stable reference of our various subclades.
Here's the link to his homepage:
Ken's homepage
see "FounderHaps.xls" for his chart which shows modals of each subclade.
As of November 20, 2009, current members of I2a have been placed in the following subclades:
Clades.....subclades........number of haplotypes
..I2a*
.....I-P37.2-France..................4
.....I-P37.2-Western.............32
.....I-P37.2-West-Isles...........2
..I2a1
.....I-M26-A............................46
.....I-M26-B............................33
.....I-M26-C............................20
.....I-M26-France....................5
..I2a1a
.....I-M161................................1
..I2a2
.....I-M423-Din-N...............63
.....I-M423-Din-S...............29
.....I-M423-Isles-A1.............6
.....I-M423-Isles-A2.............1
.....I-M423-Isles-B1.............7
.....I-M423-Isles-B2.............2
.....I-M423-Isles-C1...........17
.....I-M423-Isles-C2.............6
.....I-M423-Isles-D1.............4
.....I-M423-Isles-D2.............4
..I-M423-Disles............... ..4
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Total...............................286
To view individual haplotypes, click onto the icon: Y-DNA Results (to the upper left of this screen).
To view a particular Founders Haplotype Modal of the above subclades: Hg I Modals
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Group Adm note:
Starting May 9, 2009, we have been gathering info about each of the above subclades, such as defining SNPs, defining DYS markers, the place where each subclade may have originated, age back to each subclades common ancestor, etc. Please email Group Adm Bill Morrow with any info or data for this endeavor. We hope to end up with a good reference place for each subclade that the reader can enjoy and rely upon. Below are the early results, subject to constant revisions and updates.
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DESCRIPTIONS OF I2a SUBCLADES
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I2a-P37.2*-Western.
This subclade was discovered in 2004 by Kari Hauhio of Finland. It is very young with an TMRCA age of less than 3000 years. Found more in Western Europe, and particularly in a swath across Germany, Baltic and North Sea costal areas and then into the British Isles. It has no defining SNP. It is therefore defined by the absence of certain SNPs, being M26- M423- M161- P41.2=M359.2- L69.2=S163.2-.
Northhampton, Nottingham, Lancashire & Worcester counties may be locations of I2a-Western haplotypes in England.
Source: I2a-Western in UK
Read more about P37.2-Western:
Feb 5, 2008: Story of I1b1(P37.2+)
March 4, 2008: Ancient Asterisk for P37.2+-Western Clade
May 16, 2008: Hg I Clade ages
Feb 27, 2009: New Subclade of P37.2+ I2a*-Western = West Isles
May 18, 2009: I2a Group Adm Bill Morrow, who is P37.2+-Western, upgraded to 67 markers, results due 7/8/2009.
June 9, 2009 Bill Morrow applied for a "Walk Through the Y" SNP search at FTDNA. Self funded.
June 29, 2009 FTDNA approved Bill Morrow for WTY SNP search.
July 7, 2009: FTDNA advised Bill Morrow his application was accepted. Bill donated $750 to I2a fund to pay for his WTY.
July 9, 2009: Bill Morrow sent his new DNA kit (vials #3 and #4) to FTDNA who should receive it no later than July 13, 2009.
July 14, 2009: FTDNA shows new WTY SNP search status "Pending shipment to lab" for Bill Morrow.
July 15, 2009: FTDNA shows new order in lab batch 317 due 8/26/2009.
November 11, 2009: Dr Krahn says a new SNP L233 was discovered in the WTY SNP search. It is ancestral in M26 and M423. Testing will start when SNP L233 is available.
Nov 19, 2009: New SNP L233 is now available for testing. Any P37.2* member can test to see if they are derived or ancestral. P37.2* includes P37.2-Western, P37.2-France and P27.2-West Isles.
SNPs: M170+ M258+ P19+ P38+ P212+ U179+ L68+ P215+ P37.2+
Defining SNP: We are researching L233. These known downstream SNPs must test negative: M26- M161- M423- P41.2=M359.2- L69.2=S163.2-
Defining DYS markers: (8)388=15 (18)447=26 (20)448=18 (31)607=10 (41)395b=17; (51)557=17 (55)534=16 (57)444=14 (58)481=27 (60)446=11 (62)568=12.
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I2a-P37.2*-France.
Discovered in 2008 by Ken Nordtvedt. First mention found of this subclade was May 16, 2008 in a posting by Ken Nordtvedt.
"This subclade seems closest to Isles in genetic distance in comparison to distance from Dinaric and Western." The Warpedfounderstree at Ken Nordtvedt's website shows the introduction of the P37.2-F clade branch line and M423 bracketed between its branch line and the slightly later one leading to the Isles clades.
I2a-F is upstream abit from both I2a2-Isles and Dinaric.source
Nov 11, 2009 email from Ken Nordtvedt: "I2a-F clade which is M423- but branched the I2a line not much before Isles and Dinaric split. I2a-F is strongly associated so far with French origins, but one haplotype of it from Albania seems to have been found."
SNPs: same as P37.2-Western
Defining SNP: We are researching L233, all other downstream SNPs must be negative.
Defining DYS Markers: (5)385a=11 (6)385b=14 (8)388=9 (14)459a=9 (17)454=12 (19)437=16 (20)448=21 (21)449=32 (22)464a=12 (25)464d=17 (31)607=13 (36)442=13.
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I2a-P37.2*-West-Isles.
This is a newly found (2009) subclade by Ken Nordtvedt, which is almost exclusively British. Like P37.2*-Western, it is defined by the absence of certain SNPs, being P37.2+ M26- M423- M161- P41.2=M359.2- L69.2=S163.2- and would have an MRCA age of 3,000 years.
Ken Nordtvedt first posted info on this subclade on February 27, 2009 on Rootsweb Hg I list: New subclade of P37.2+ I2a*-Western
SNPs: same as P37.2-Western
Defining DYS markers: Same as Western, except for the following:
DYS...West-Isles...Western
385b.....16..........15
439......13..........12
H4.......09..........10
635......20..........21
520......19..........20
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I2a1-M26.
The SNP M26 was discovered before 2004. The subclade I2a1-M26 dates back to early post LGM and repopulation of extreme western Europe. Source: Age of Sardinian M26
Ken Nordtvedt has divided M26 into these varieties: A,B,C & France. The varieties differ in DYS Marker values only, as shown below.
From Ken: "The founder of I2a1 most likely was 12-12 at DYS385a,b. It is recommended that if your DYS385 and DYS385b are different you do an inexpensive Kittler test from FTDNA's advanced lab. The two copies of DYS385 are located at different sites A and B on the y Chromosome. The Kittler test will tell you which of your DYS385 copies experienced the mutation from 12-12, something the ordinary report of your DYS385 results does not disclose. This additional information from the Kittler test will help work out the history of I2a1 since its founding, and it could help you learn whether you truly match another at DYS385 or are two steps of mutation apart.
Contact Ken Nordtvedt at knordtvedt@bresnan.net if you have questions on the Kittler test."
Map showing the locations of M26 in continental Europe: Map of Hg I SNPs
To read more about M26:
Hg I and subclades
Ken Nordtvedt's Story of I2a
Undated (it's old) & unknown author of a blog on M26: Solving the mystery of Y-chromosome SNP M26
March 18, 2008: M26+ branches off early enough in the I-tree to escape the later M423+ mutation
Sept 19, 2008: Is Northern M26 Older?
Oct 13, 2008: M26 Age pp3
Jan 09, 2009:(Public Library of Science)Plos One article:Sardina and M26
Jan 29, 2009: Kittler for I2a1-M26
Mar 10, 2009: Hg I beginnings
Mar 10, 2009: Hg I beginnings 2
Feb 28, 2009: A French Clade of M26
April 6, 2009: Wil Husted announces his WTY SNP search
April 26, 2009: Wil Husted begins his "Walk Through the Y" SNP search, self funded. Wil's M26-A.
June 12, 2009 AJHG article implies that Italy was also a refuge during the IGM and that in Sardinia, mtDNA U5b3 and yDNA M26 were a founder event marking both female and male lineages. (see abstract of AJHG article). AJHG article
June 12, 2009 Wil Husted's WTY SNP search finds three new SNPs
June 15, 2009: 3 new I2a1 SNPs. Ken urges all members of I2a1 to test for new SNPs.
July 8, 2009: I2a1-France in Ireland indicates Norman/Continental origin?
SNPs: M170+ M258+ P19+ P38+ P212+ U179+ L68+ P215+ P37.2+
Defining SNP: M26+
Newly discovered SNPs: L158, L159.1 and L160. All M26ers tested so far are derived for L158 and L159.1. SNP L160 has been derived for all M26ers except M26-A which has tested both derived and ancestral. Thus far (Nov 2009) we do not know the reason so all M26-A's are encouraged to test L160.
Defining DYS Markers of M26 Varieties, from other I2a subclades:
DYS# ------M26 Varieties--
...............A...B...C...France
(3)19....17 16 16 17
(4)391...10 10 10-11 09
(6)385b..12 12 13 12
(9)439...11 12 12 14
12)389ii.28 29 28 28
27)H4....11 11 11 11
28)IIa...11 11 11 11
47)511...07 07 07 07
52)594...11 11 11 11
55)534...13 13 13 13
61)617...13 13 13 13
65)640...12 12 12 12
Distinguishing DYS Markers between M26 Varieties:
DYS......A..B..C..France
(3)19...17 16 16 17
(4)391..10 10 10-11 09
10)389i.13 14 13 14
12)389ii 28 29 28 28
18)447..25 25-7 24 24
20)448 21 21 20 21
36)442..13 12 12 13
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I2a1a-M161+
This subclade is defined by the SNP M161+. It is a subHaplogroup of I2a1-M26. We have one member of I2a who has tested positive for M161+. His ancestral country in 1869 is Puerto Rico; before that, Spain.
March 31, 2008: First M161+
SNPs: same as M26
Defining SNP: M161
Defining DYS markers: same as M26
Distinguishing DYS Markers of our one M161 member's haplotype
from Modal M26 varieties:
--------------------M26 Varieties---
DYS#..M161....A...B...C....France
(3)19....17.....17 16 16 17
(9)439...11.....11 12 12 14
10)389i...13....13 14 13 14
12)389ii..28....28 20 28 28
15)459b..09....10 10 09 10
18)447...25....25 25*27 24 24
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I2a2-Dinaric
Dinaric is short for Dinaric Alps. The Dinaric Alps are located north of Italy, extending south along the east coast of the Adriatic Sea some 400 miles. Ken Nordtvedt has split I2a2-M423-Dinaric into Din-N and Din-S. N=north of the Danube and S=south of the Danube River. Din-N is older than Din-S.
This I2a2-Dinaric subclade is defined by SNP M423. M423 was discovered in 2007 by Underhill, et al. M423 is downstream from SNP P37.2. The SNP M423 occurred before both of the branch lines to I2a2-Isles and I2a2-Dinaric separated. This was probably 10,000 years ago. The Dinaric founder was probably in the Balkans or Danube basin. The age of I2a2-Dinaric was estimated at 3600 years, then adjusted to 2550 years, now TMRCA ages are being recomputed.
Read more about I2a2-Dinaric:
Haplogroup I at Wikipedia.
Map of Hg I SNPs in continental Europe. Look for M423.
May 8, 2007: Dinaric I1b1 and DYS 448. DYS448 = 19 for S and 20 for N.
Nov 5, 2007: Dividing I1b1-Dinaric N=north of Danube and S=south of Danube River. Din-N is older than Din-S. Distinquishing markers = DYS 448 = 19, 20 and DYS 449 = 30 and 32.
Dec 15, 2007: Dinaric I1b1 Variances. Age =3600yrs.
Feb 05, 2008: Story of I1b1
Feb 06, 2008: M423 and P37 M423 is ancestral for M26+ and is downstream from P37.2+
Feb 19, 2008: M423 SNP for I1b1 is here Dinaric is almost always 14-15 at DYS385a,b.
May 16, 2008: Hg I Clade Ages Dinaric = 2550 years.
Dec 19, 2008: Dinaric becomes I2a2
March 05, 2009: Dinaric I variances. Dinaric founder was probably in Balkans or Danube basin.
March 10, 2009: Hg I beginnings. Ken answers Wil Husted's questions on Hg I beginnings.
March 11, 2009: Hg I beginnings. Charles Hollenbeck answers Wil's questions on Hg I beginnings.
Sept 2, 2009: Where I2a2-Dinaric lived prior to the Balkan migration.
SNPs: M170+ M258+ P19+ P38+ P212+ U179+ P215=S31+ P37.2+
Defining SNP: M423+
Newly discovered SNP L161 splits Dinaric and Disles from Isles. However, FTDNA withdreww L161 from their order catalouge, so we are using older SNP L69.2 to distinquish.
Defining DYS markers from other I2a subclades:
DYS#......DIN-S..DIN-N
(5)385a...14......14
(9)439....13......13
12)389ii..31......31
36)442....11......11
41)395b...15......15
47)511....09......09
51)557....16......16
55)534....12......12
56)450....07......07
57)444....10......10
58)481....30......30
59)520....21......21
67)565....09......09
441.......16......16
456.......15......15
461.......12......12
Distinguishing DYS Markers between Din-N and Din-S
DYS#....Din-S....Din-N
20)448...19.......20
21)449...30.......32
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I2a2-Disles
Discovered by Ken Nordtvedt in 2009. Ken named the new clade Disles which is a contraction of Dinaric and Isles. On Feb 20, 2009, Ken posts: .." Disles is sharply defined about half way between Dinaric and Isles. Disles is defined by SNP M423. It is populated almost completely by British Isles folks with Scotland and secondarily Ireland in the lead. It is not large in population. It has characteristics on the 38-67 panel closer to Isles than Dinaric but certainly is in between."
The MRCA for I2a2-Dinaric and I2a2-Disles was 6600 years ago.
July 15, 2009: One Disles member's WTY SNP search discovered SNP L178
It is on the Dinaric/Disles branch after it splits from I2a2 Isles branch line. It is ancestral for L161.
SNPs: same as I2a2-Dinaric
Defining SNP: M423+
Newly discovered SNP L178 should be tested by all Dinarics.
Defining DYS markers from other I2a subclades:
DYS#....Disles
(3)19....17
(4)391...10
(5)385a..15
(6)385b..15
20)448...21
22)464a..12
23)464b..14
24)464c..14
25)464d..15
47)511...10
55)534...11
67)565...11
406......10
Distinguishing DYS Markers from I2a2-Dinaric:
DYS# Disles DinS DinN
(3)19....17....16...16
(5)385a..15....14...14
12)389ii.30....31...31
20)448...21....19...20
24)464c..14....15...15
36)442...12....11...11
47)511...10....09...09
55)534...11....12...12
67)565...11....09...09
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I2a2-M423-Isles:
From Ken Nordtvedt's "Story of I1b1":
..."Isles I1b1 is almost exclusively found in the British Isles and especially Ireland. Its haplotype population shows much diversity which with its absence on the mainland suggest the Clade arrived or was founded in the Isles very early in the post-glacial repopulation of that region". As of April 4, 2009, Isles varieties are: A1,A2,B1,B2,C1,C2,D1,D2.
More quotes from Ken: The Isles founder was probably in Germany somewhere. Isles migrated to the British Isles and eventually Ireland. Isles B is the oldest clade, 6600 years back to MRCA.
Read more about I2a2-M423-Isles:
Feb 6, 2008: M423 and Isles. M423 separates Dinaric from Isles.
May 16, 2008: Hg I Clade Ages Isles B is 6600 years back to MRCA.
May 16, 2008: Isles is positive for M423 Both Dinaric and Isles are positive for M423.
Aug 12, 2008: 4 Clades of P37.2+Isles At that time, varieties were A,B,C,and D.
Dec 19, 2008: P37.2+M423+Isles becomes I2a2.
Jan 11, 2009: Early Isles Farmers
Jan 21, 2009: rs9786274 separates Dinaric from Isles
Feb 21, 2009: MRCA for Isles is 6600 years ago.
March 5, 2009: M423 defines Isles. Isles founder was probably in Germany. Isles migrated to British Isles and eventually Ireland.
April 4, 2009: I2a2-Isles Clades divide again. New clades (varieties) are: A1,A2,B1,B2,C1,C2,D1,D2.
April 24, 2009 John O'Grady mailed his new DNA samples to FTDNA for his "Walk Through the Y" SNP search. His subclade is Isles-D2.
June 14, 2009: John O'Grady's WTY SNP search finds one new SNP L178.
Isles SNPs: M170+ M258+ P19+ P38+ P212+ U179+ P215+ P37.2+
Defining SNP: M423
Newly discovered SNP L178 is derived for all Isles members and should be tested by Dinarics.
Defining DYS markers from other I2a subclades:
A1: (13)458=18; (17)454=12; (30)456=17; (20)448=20; (28)YCAIIa=19; (31)607=13; (61)617=12; 463=23; 534=15.
A2: (17)454=12; (30)456=18.
B1: (3)19=16; (20)448=20; (23)464b=12; (30)456=17; (31)607=13; (61)617=12; 534=15.
B2: (2)390=25; (30)456=16;
C1: (20)448=20; (21)449=28; (23)464b=12; (25)464d=14; (30)456=18; (31)607=13; (50)413b=23; (60)446=14; (61)617=12; 441=15; 534=17.
C2: (9)439=10; (11)392=12; (12)389ii=32; (20)448=20; (21)449=28; (23)464b=12; (25)464d=14; (30)456=18; (31)607=13; (50)413b=23; (61)617=12; 441=15; 534=17.
D1: (2)390=25; (5)385a=11; (20)448=20; (23)464b=12; (25)464d=14; (30)456=17; (31)607=13; (50)413b=23; (61)617=12; 441=15; 463=24; 534=15.
D2: (5)385a=11; (9)439=10.
Distinguishing DYS markers between Isles varieties:
A1: (13)458=18; (17)454=12; (18)447=24;(19)437=14; (28)YCA-IIa=19; (30)456=17; (47)511=11; (51)557=17; (58)481=24.
A2: (12)389ii=29; (17)454=12; (18)447=24; (30)456=18;(47)511=11;
B1: (3)19=16; (36)442=11; (43)537=12; (58)481=26.
B2: (2)390=25; (43)537=12;
C1: (21)449=28; (55)534=17; (64)572=11.
C2: (9)439=10; (11)392=12; (12)389ii=32; (21)449=28; (22)464a=11;(25)464d=14; (36)442=13; (55)534=17; (64)572=11.
D1: (2)390=25; (4)391=10; (5)385a=11; (12)389ii=31; (51)557=16.
D2: (2)390=24; (4)391=11; (5)385b=15.
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I2a2b
This clade is defined by SNP S163.2/L69.2+. It is a subclade of I2a2. Dr Angelika Kritz of EA says:..."S163.2 is a back mutation. Chromosomes in groups A-G carry T at this marker whereas Chromosomes in Group I, J and K carry G. However, a subgroup of Chromosomes within I2a have reverted to T"...
Defining DYS markers are the same as I-M423-Disles.
One of the members of this clade has self funded a "Walk Through the Y" SNP search.