*** 12April2007 *** 65/67 marker match for participants 31991 and 81872. Both testees have same surname and claim common ancestor back to 1606 at Seulberg, Germany. After 400 years testee 81872 and MANY others with surname F"oller/Foller live within 50Km of Seulberg. September2007 Deep Clade Tests "down-stream" SNP results... SNP for # 31991 is confirmed as E3b1a2 aka E-V13 E3b1a2 M35+ M78+ M96+ P2+ V13+ V36+ M107- M123- M136- M148- M165- M224- M281- M34- M81- V12- V19- V22- V27- V32- V65- this result, 31991, is unique to the FTDNA database, ie no 12/12 matches (60,000+ yDNA tests in database April, 2007) There are 9 matches 11/12 and 3 matches 23/25 in the FTDNA database... also 16/18 FTDNA markers) in the SMGF database, (STATHES, aka Stathopoulos, claiming ancestors from Greece) E3b1a2 This lineage is found in high frequencies in Europe, and can also be found in northeastern Africa. It is most frequent in the Balkans, but is rare in the Near East outside of Turkey. Estimates of its age vary from 11,000 to 17,000 years ago. It likely originated in western Asia, reached the Balkans shortly afterwards, and from there spread into Europe within the last 5,000 years. SNP for # 31991 is confirmed as E3b1a2 aka E-V13 this haplogroup frequency is highest in Greece (all regions including Macedonia), Bulgaria, Albania, Cypress and among Druze Arabs. source=Fulvio Cruciani, published by Oxford University Press (Mol. Biol. Evol. 24(6):1300-1311, 2007) ________________________________________ E3b1 (E-M78) Most E3b's of European descent belong to an E3b sub-clade called E3b1 in the 2003 YCC nomenclature. Cruciani et al estimate the age of E3b1 at 21-25 thousand years and also place its origin in east Africa. The authors found that network analysis of eleven STR marker haplotypes resolved E3b1 into four distinct clusters. Each of these clusters have their own history, geographic distribution, and modal haplotype. Presumably these clusters correspond to sub-groups of E3b1 for which defining SNPs have not yet been found. Most European E3b1's belong to what they refer to as the "alpha" cluster. Paracchini et al saw E3b1 among Caucasian men in the US at a frequency of about 3%. Cruciani et al concluded that the distribution of the E3b1-alpha cluster in Europe indicates a Neolithic or post-Neolithic expansion out of the Balkans into Europe that spread as far west as the Iberian peninsula, and southeast to Turkey. STR diversity analysis gives an estimate of about 8 thousand years ago for that expansion. The cluster may have been part of a pre-Neolithic group indigenous to the Balkans, or it may have "leap-frogged" from Anatolia, to the Balkans, and then into Europe. The alpha cluster signature makes it possible to distinguish the E3b1 that expanded out of the Balkans from other E3b1's that came to Europe from the Near East (E3b1-delta cluster). It's interesting to note that another recent study concluded that a J sub-group, J2e1 (J-M102), also expanded into Europe from the Balkans during the Neolithic period. The authors found that E3b1-alpha haplotypes typically have the unusual alleles of DYS460=9, and DYS413a,b=23,24. (Testing of DYS413 is not commercially available at the present time). Examination of the YSearch and YBase databases indicates that the E3b1-alpha cluster may also be characterized by YCAIIa,b=19,21, DYS442=10 or 11, and DYS607=12. Examples of haplotypes I believe to be E3b1-alpha can be seen here. A second E3b1 cluster is the "beta" cluster. It is most common in northwest Africa where it is seen at rates of up to 14% of the population. Cruciani et al dated the expansion of E3b1-beta in northwest Africa at about 5 thousand years ago. As with E3b2, the E3b1-beta cluster may have migrated into Iberia during the 700 years of Islamic rule. Cruciani et al say that the E3b1-beta cluster is characterized by the unusual alleles of DYS439=10, and DYS413a,b=21,23. However since E3b2 also commonly has DYS439=10, I have not been able to identify any examples of E3b1-beta in public databases. The E3b1-gamma cluster is characterized by DYS19=11 and was seen only in East Africa. Cruciani et al reported that the E3b1-delta cluster was seen at low frequencies among all European populations that included E3b's - but their paper did not include a description of the E3b1-delta haplotype. The highest frequencies of E3b1-delta were seen in Ethiopia and Somalia, and that area is assumed to be its place of origin. The authors believe that the delta cluster may have been involved in the first dispersal of E3b1's out of eastern Africa about 15 thousand years ago. The E3b1-delta cluster was introduced into Europe in a later expansion from either northern Africa or the Near East. Members of that cluster were seen in such far flung places as Pakistan. Their paper did not give a description of the E3b1-delta haplotype. The E3b1 sub-group defined by M148 has only been seen in one individual from Pakistan/India. Allele frequency graphs of E3b for 25 markers can be seen here. The allele frequency graphs below are based on data from studies by Cinnioglu et al and by Bosch et al. ________________________________________ 02Dec2006 Dictionary of American Family Names, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-508137-4 Page 562 vol 2 FELLER (2630) 1. English, German, and Jewish (Ashkenazic): occupational nickname for a furrier, from an agent derivative of Middle English fell, Middle Low German, Middle High German vel, or German fell or Yiddish fel “hide”, “pelt”. See also FELL. FOELLER (168) German (FÖLLER): variant of FELDER FELDER (3049) German: variant of the topographic name FELD, or habitational name for someone from a place named with this word. VELLER not listed
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