About us
Results
Our y-DNA results are displayed on the Family Tree DNA website in both "Classic" and "Colorized" versions. The results are analyzed and sorted into "Lineages" based on predicted relationships determined by each member's individual genetic profile. The Colorized version (pictured below) highlights changes ("mutations") for each marker compared to the mode, whereas the Classic version omits the highlighting. The mutations can identify not only lineages, but also various branches within lineages. Members of the Russell Project are the only ones able to view all results. Members are listed by their kit number, not by their name. If you're a member of the Russell Project, you will need to be logged into your FTDNA kit first, as some results are shared only with other Russell Project members.
Haplogroup - Results are grouped by Haplogroup.
Lineage - Men who match at least 23/25, 33/37, 62/67, or 100/111 are grouped within the same Lineage. Note that the y-DNA-37 test is generally considered the entry-level test for identifying matches whose shared patriarch lived within a genealogically-meaningful timeframe.
Possibly same Lineage - Men with the surname of Russell who match a Lineage closely enough at 12 markers can be considered possible matches to that Lineage. Twelve markers are simply not enough to be sure that there is a shared common ancestor, but if the man's surname is Russell, the possibility definitely exists. In addition, Russell men who are just outside the range to be considered part of a particular Lineage may be categorized here because it's possible that if they upgraded to more markers, they would match.
No match yet in the Project - Members who don't yet match anyone else in the Russell Project are grouped here. In time, as more men test, if they match another Russell Project member at 25 markers or above, they will be assigned to a new Lineage within their Haplogroup.
Mutation color coding - Color coding is used to mark the mutations (differences) from each Haplogroup profile.
Russell Haplogroups
A haplogroup is a genetic population of a large group of people who share a common ancestor, analogous to a huge clan (like Celts or Vikings). It can be viewed as a tree ("haplotree") with many limbs and branches. Our results to date demonstrate that our participants are spread across six overarching haplogroups. About 75% of us are from Haplogroup R, about 13% are from Haplogroup I, and the remaining 12% are from Haplogroups E, G, J, and Q. Of those in Haplogroup R, almost all are in R1b. Family Tree DNA's migration map for Haplogroup R is shown below.
Russell Lineages and Origins
Although a number of different Russell lineages exist, roughly 60 percent of all our members who report a known origin, report the British Isles. The next largest location reported is "United States" (about 7 percent). The rest are scattered over a number of locations.
Over 70 percent of Russell Project participants are in Haplogroup R1b. Of those in R1b who report a known origin, over 90 percent report the British Isles.
The single biggest lineage within R1b is Lineage 1. Over 20 percent of all Russell Project members are in R1b - Lineage 1. Over 90 percent of those in R1b - Lineage 1 who report a known origin, report their Russell ancestry came from Scotland, with most others in R1b - Lineage 1 reporting either England, Northern Ireland, or Ireland.
Autosomal Results (i.e., Family Finder test)
Our y-DNA results are displayed on the Family Tree DNA website in both "Classic" and "Colorized" versions. The results are analyzed and sorted into "Lineages" based on predicted relationships determined by each member's individual genetic profile. The Colorized version (pictured below) highlights changes ("mutations") for each marker compared to the mode, whereas the Classic version omits the highlighting. The mutations can identify not only lineages, but also various branches within lineages. Members of the Russell Project are the only ones able to view all results. Members are listed by their kit number, not by their name. If you're a member of the Russell Project, you will need to be logged into your FTDNA kit first, as some results are shared only with other Russell Project members.
Russell Haplogroups
A haplogroup is a genetic population of a large group of people who share a common ancestor, analogous to a huge clan (like Celts or Vikings). It can be viewed as a tree ("haplotree") with many limbs and branches. Our results to date demonstrate that our participants are spread across six overarching haplogroups. About 75% of us are from Haplogroup R, about 13% are from Haplogroup I, and the remaining 12% are from Haplogroups E, G, J, and Q. Of those in Haplogroup R, almost all are in R1b. Family Tree DNA's migration map for Haplogroup R is shown below.
Russell Lineages and Origins
Although a number of different Russell lineages exist, roughly 60 percent of all our members who report a known origin, report the British Isles. The next largest location reported is "United States" (about 7 percent). The rest are scattered over a number of locations.
Over 70 percent of Russell Project participants are in Haplogroup R1b. Of those in R1b who report a known origin, over 90 percent report the British Isles.
The single biggest lineage within R1b is Lineage 1. Over 20 percent of all Russell Project members are in R1b - Lineage 1. Over 90 percent of those in R1b - Lineage 1 who report a known origin, report their Russell ancestry came from Scotland, with most others in R1b - Lineage 1 reporting either England, Northern Ireland, or Ireland.
New Russell lineages will continue to be added all the time. In some cases, it's because men have tested from a rarer lineage that hasn't previously been represented in the Project. In other cases, it may be due to a "Non-Paternal Event" (NPE) such as adoption. Whether you're a Russell man by name, by y-DNA, or both, we welcome your participation!
Autosomal Results (i.e., Family Finder test)
We are a y-DNA surname project. Although our primary focus is y-DNA, we recognize that our members can often benefit from also taking the autosomal DNA (atDNA) test, Family Finder. Thus, for those Russell Project members who have taken Family Finder, we will be happy to help you with your Family Finder tools and results.
How y-DNA is Inherited