Chaffin-Chafin
- Y-DNA Results Overview
For genealogy within the most recent fifteen generations, STR markers help define
paternal lineages. Y-DNA STR markers change (mutate) often enough that most men
who share the same STR results also share a recent paternal lineage. This
page displays Y-Chromosome DNA (Y-DNA) STR results for the project. The columns display each project member's kit number, paternal
ancestry information according to project settings, the paternal tree branch (haplogroup),
and actual STR marker results. In the haplogroups column, haplogroups in green are
confirmed by SNP testing. Haplogroups in red are predicted. Above each subgroup,
we display the minimum, maximum and mode values for each STR marker in the subgroup.
STR marker values that differ from the mode values are color-coded. You can learn more about this page in our Help Center.
| Haplogroup I |
|
MIN
|
|
|
|
|
|
13 |
22 |
14 |
10 |
13-14 |
11 |
13 |
11 |
12 |
11 |
28 |
14 |
8-9 |
8 |
11 |
23 |
15 |
20 |
27 |
11-11-14-15 |
10 |
10 |
19-21 |
14 |
14 |
15 |
18 |
31-36 |
8 |
10 |
11 |
8 |
15-15 |
8 |
11 |
10 |
8 |
9 |
9 |
12 |
19-21 |
16 |
10 |
12 |
12 |
15 |
8 |
12 |
24 |
20 |
10 |
13 |
11 |
12 |
10 |
11 |
12 |
11 |
29 |
12 |
8 |
15 |
11 |
23 |
27 |
19 |
11 |
11 |
11 |
11 |
11 |
9 |
11 |
11 |
10 |
10 |
12 |
31 |
11 |
13 |
21 |
14 |
11 |
9 |
24 |
15 |
18 |
11 |
24 |
17 |
11 |
14 |
24 |
12 |
19 |
18 |
11 |
14 |
16 |
9 |
11 |
11 |
|
MAX
|
|
|
|
|
|
15 |
24 |
16 |
11 |
15-16 |
11 |
14 |
11 |
13 |
12 |
29 |
16 |
8-9 |
11 |
11 |
26 |
16 |
20 |
30 |
12-15-16-16 |
11 |
10 |
19-21 |
15 |
14 |
18 |
19 |
35-39 |
13 |
10 |
11 |
8 |
15-16 |
8 |
12 |
10 |
8 |
10 |
10 |
12 |
23-25 |
17 |
11 |
12 |
12 |
18 |
9 |
14 |
26 |
21 |
13 |
13 |
11 |
13 |
11 |
11 |
12 |
11 |
32 |
14 |
8 |
17 |
12 |
24 |
28 |
19 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
11 |
9 |
11 |
11 |
10 |
12 |
13 |
32 |
11 |
13 |
22 |
15 |
11 |
10 |
29 |
15 |
22 |
11 |
25 |
17 |
12 |
16 |
25 |
12 |
22 |
19 |
13 |
14 |
18 |
9 |
12 |
11 |
|
MODE
|
|
|
|
|
|
13 |
22 |
14 |
10 |
13-14 |
11 |
14 |
11 |
12 |
11 |
28 |
14 |
8-9 |
8 |
11 |
24 |
16 |
20 |
30 |
12-15-16-16 |
10 |
10 |
19-21 |
14 |
14 |
15 |
19 |
34-37 |
12 |
10 |
11 |
8 |
15-15 |
8 |
11 |
10 |
8 |
9 |
9 |
12 |
22-25 |
16 |
10 |
12 |
12 |
15 |
8 |
13 |
24 |
21 |
13 |
13 |
11 |
12 |
11 |
11 |
12 |
11 |
32 |
12 |
8 |
17 |
12 |
24 |
27 |
19 |
11 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
11 |
9 |
11 |
11 |
10 |
12 |
12 |
31 |
11 |
13 |
21 |
14 |
11 |
10 |
25 |
15 |
18 |
11 |
25 |
17 |
11 |
15 |
25 |
12 |
22 |
18 |
13 |
14 |
18 |
9 |
11 |
11 |
|
55733
|
Chaffin
|
Jordan Chaffin b. 1765 and d. 1836 |
United States |
I-FT159687
|
Big Y-700
|
13 |
22 |
14 |
10 |
13-14 |
11 |
14 |
11 |
12 |
11 |
28 |
14 |
8-9 |
8 |
11 |
24 |
16 |
20 |
30 |
12-15-16-16 |
10 |
10 |
19-21 |
14 |
14 |
15 |
18 |
34-38 |
12 |
10 |
11 |
8 |
15-15 |
8 |
11 |
10 |
8 |
9 |
9 |
12 |
22-25 |
16 |
10 |
12 |
12 |
15 |
8 |
13 |
24 |
21 |
13 |
13 |
11 |
12 |
11 |
11 |
12 |
11 |
32 |
12 |
8 |
17 |
12 |
24 |
27 |
19 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
11 |
9 |
11 |
11 |
10 |
12 |
12 |
32 |
11 |
13 |
21 |
14 |
11 |
9 |
25 |
15 |
18 |
11 |
25 |
17 |
11 |
15 |
25 |
12 |
22 |
18 |
13 |
14 |
18 |
9 |
11 |
11 |
|
92305
|
Chafin
|
JOHN LAFAYETTE Chafin |
Unknown Origin |
I-Y91452
|
Family Finder
|
13 |
22 |
14 |
10 |
13-14 |
11 |
14 |
11 |
12 |
11 |
28 |
14 |
8-9 |
8 |
11 |
24 |
16 |
20 |
30 |
12-15-16-16 |
10 |
10 |
19-21 |
14 |
14 |
15 |
19 |
34-37 |
12 |
10 |
11 |
8 |
15-15 |
8 |
11 |
10 |
8 |
9 |
9 |
12 |
22-25 |
16 |
10 |
12 |
12 |
15 |
8 |
13 |
24 |
21 |
13 |
13 |
11 |
12 |
11 |
11 |
12 |
11 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
252002
|
Howitt
|
Wm Howet of Eastwood Nottinghamshire, c1590-1664 |
England |
I-BY99794
|
Big Y-700
|
13 |
22 |
14 |
10 |
13-14 |
11 |
14 |
11 |
12 |
11 |
28 |
14 |
8-9 |
8 |
11 |
24 |
16 |
20 |
30 |
12-15-16-16 |
10 |
10 |
19-21 |
14 |
14 |
15 |
19 |
34-39 |
8 |
10 |
11 |
8 |
15-15 |
8 |
11 |
10 |
8 |
9 |
9 |
12 |
22-25 |
17 |
10 |
12 |
12 |
15 |
8 |
13 |
24 |
21 |
13 |
13 |
11 |
12 |
11 |
11 |
12 |
11 |
32 |
12 |
8 |
17 |
12 |
24 |
27 |
19 |
11 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
11 |
9 |
11 |
11 |
10 |
12 |
13 |
31 |
11 |
13 |
21 |
15 |
11 |
10 |
29 |
15 |
18 |
11 |
25 |
17 |
12 |
16 |
24 |
12 |
22 |
18 |
13 |
14 |
18 |
9 |
11 |
11 |
|
942522
|
Holcomb
|
|
Unknown Origin |
I-FGC24357
|
Family Finder
|
13 |
22 |
14 |
10 |
13-14 |
11 |
14 |
11 |
12 |
11 |
28 |
14 |
8-9 |
8 |
11 |
24 |
16 |
20 |
30 |
12-15-16-16 |
10 |
10 |
19-21 |
14 |
14 |
16 |
19 |
35-37 |
12 |
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
354520
|
Chafin
|
Bluford Benjamin Chafin (b.1814 GA - d.1893 AL) |
Unknown Origin |
I-M253
|
Y-DNA67
|
13 |
23 |
14 |
11 |
14-14 |
11 |
14 |
11 |
12 |
11 |
28 |
16 |
8-9 |
8 |
11 |
23 |
16 |
20 |
28 |
12-13-15-16 |
10 |
10 |
19-21 |
15 |
14 |
17 |
19 |
34-36 |
12 |
10 |
11 |
8 |
15-15 |
8 |
12 |
10 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
12 |
23-25 |
16 |
10 |
12 |
12 |
17 |
8 |
12 |
25 |
20 |
13 |
13 |
11 |
12 |
10 |
11 |
12 |
11 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
971225
|
Thompson
|
James Thompson b.1777 d.1845 |
United States |
I-FTC2724
|
Big Y-700
|
15 |
24 |
16 |
10 |
15-16 |
11 |
13 |
11 |
13 |
12 |
29 |
16 |
8-9 |
11 |
11 |
26 |
15 |
20 |
27 |
11-11-14-15 |
11 |
10 |
19-21 |
15 |
14 |
18 |
18 |
31-37 |
13 |
10 |
11 |
8 |
15-16 |
8 |
12 |
10 |
8 |
10 |
9 |
0 |
19-21 |
16 |
11 |
12 |
12 |
18 |
9 |
14 |
26 |
20 |
10 |
13 |
11 |
13 |
11 |
11 |
12 |
11 |
29 |
14 |
8 |
15 |
11 |
23 |
28 |
19 |
11 |
11 |
11 |
11 |
11 |
9 |
11 |
11 |
10 |
10 |
12 |
31 |
11 |
13 |
22 |
14 |
11 |
10 |
24 |
15 |
22 |
11 |
24 |
17 |
11 |
14 |
25 |
12 |
19 |
19 |
11 |
14 |
16 |
9 |
12 |
11 |
| Haplogroup R |
|
480921
|
Musselman
|
Moses Musselman |
Canada |
R-BY108393
|
Big Y-700
|
13 |
23 |
14 |
11 |
11-14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
17 |
9-10 |
11 |
11 |
24 |
15 |
19 |
28 |
15-15-17-17 |
10 |
11 |
19-23 |
17 |
15 |
20 |
18 |
37-40 |
11 |
12 |
11 |
9 |
15-16 |
8 |
10 |
10 |
8 |
10 |
10 |
0 |
23-23 |
17 |
10 |
12 |
12 |
15 |
8 |
12 |
22 |
20 |
13 |
12 |
11 |
13 |
11 |
11 |
13 |
12 |
36 |
15 |
9 |
16 |
12 |
27 |
26 |
19 |
12 |
11 |
13 |
12 |
11 |
9 |
12 |
13 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
30 |
12 |
12 |
24 |
14 |
10 |
9 |
22 |
15 |
19 |
13 |
24 |
17 |
12 |
15 |
24 |
12 |
24 |
18 |
10 |
14 |
17 |
9 |
12 |
11 |
|
152434
|
Brooks
|
William M. Billy Brooks, 1813 KY -1899 MS |
Unknown Origin |
R-FGC12307
|
Family Finder
|
13 |
23 |
14 |
11 |
11-15 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
17 |
9-10 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
14 |
19 |
29 |
15-15-16-17 |
11 |
11 |
19-22 |
16 |
14 |
16 |
17 |
37-38 |
12 |
13 |
11 |
9 |
15-16 |
8 |
10 |
10 |
8 |
10 |
10 |
12 |
23-23 |
16 |
10 |
12 |
12 |
15 |
8 |
12 |
22 |
20 |
13 |
12 |
11 |
13 |
11 |
11 |
13 |
12 |
35 |
15 |
9 |
16 |
12 |
25 |
26 |
19 |
11 |
11 |
13 |
12 |
10 |
9 |
12 |
12 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
30 |
12 |
13 |
24 |
13 |
10 |
10 |
20 |
15 |
20 |
14 |
24 |
16 |
12 |
15 |
24 |
12 |
25 |
18 |
10 |
14 |
17 |
9 |
12 |
11 |
|
B1583
|
Chaffin
|
Thomas Pennington Chaffin |
Unknown Origin |
R-U198
|
Family Finder
|
13 |
23 |
14 |
11 |
11-15 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
17 |
9-10 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
14 |
19 |
30 |
15-15-17-18 |
11 |
11 |
19-22 |
15 |
14 |
16 |
17 |
38-40 |
12 |
12 |
11 |
9 |
15-16 |
8 |
10 |
10 |
8 |
10 |
10 |
12 |
23-23 |
16 |
10 |
12 |
12 |
15 |
8 |
12 |
22 |
20 |
13 |
12 |
11 |
13 |
10 |
11 |
13 |
12 |
34 |
15 |
9 |
16 |
12 |
25 |
26 |
19 |
12 |
11 |
13 |
12 |
10 |
9 |
12 |
12 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
30 |
12 |
13 |
24 |
13 |
10 |
10 |
21 |
15 |
20 |
14 |
24 |
15 |
12 |
15 |
24 |
12 |
25 |
18 |
10 |
14 |
17 |
9 |
12 |
11 |
|
148861
|
Chafin
|
|
Unknown Origin |
R-M269
|
Y-DNA67
|
13 |
23 |
14 |
11 |
11-15 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
14 |
13 |
30 |
16 |
9-10 |
11 |
11 |
26 |
14 |
19 |
29 |
15-15-17-18 |
11 |
10 |
19-22 |
16 |
14 |
17 |
18 |
38-39 |
12 |
12 |
11 |
9 |
15-16 |
8 |
10 |
10 |
8 |
10 |
10 |
12 |
23-23 |
16 |
10 |
12 |
12 |
15 |
8 |
12 |
22 |
20 |
13 |
12 |
11 |
13 |
11 |
11 |
13 |
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
89612
|
Chaffin
|
|
Unknown Origin |
R-U106
|
Family Finder
|
13 |
23 |
15 |
11 |
11-14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
17 |
9-10 |
11 |
11 |
24 |
15 |
19 |
30 |
15-16-17-18 |
11 |
10 |
19-22 |
18 |
16 |
18 |
17 |
37-39 |
13 |
12 |
11 |
10 |
15-16 |
8 |
10 |
10 |
8 |
10 |
10 |
12 |
23-24 |
16 |
10 |
12 |
12 |
15 |
8 |
11 |
23 |
20 |
13 |
12 |
11 |
13 |
11 |
11 |
13 |
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
294097
|
McDonald
|
John Thomas McDonald, b. about 1841 and d. about |
United States |
R-BY3158
|
Big Y-700
|
13 |
24 |
15 |
11 |
11-15 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
17 |
9-10 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
14 |
19 |
29 |
15-15-17-17 |
11 |
11 |
19-23 |
16 |
15 |
18 |
19 |
37-37 |
12 |
12 |
11 |
9 |
15-16 |
8 |
10 |
10 |
8 |
10 |
9 |
0 |
22-23 |
16 |
10 |
12 |
12 |
17 |
8 |
13 |
22 |
20 |
14 |
12 |
11 |
13 |
11 |
11 |
12 |
12 |
35 |
15 |
9 |
16 |
12 |
26 |
26 |
19 |
9 |
11 |
14 |
12 |
11 |
9 |
12 |
12 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
30 |
12 |
13 |
24 |
12 |
10 |
11 |
22 |
15 |
20 |
13 |
24 |
16 |
12 |
17 |
24 |
12 |
23 |
18 |
10 |
14 |
17 |
9 |
12 |
11 |
|
275969
|
Williamson
|
James Edgar Williamson |
Unknown Origin |
R-FTB90342
|
Big Y-700
|
13 |
25 |
14 |
11 |
11-13 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
14 |
29 |
17 |
9-10 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
15 |
18 |
31 |
15-16-17-17 |
11 |
11 |
19-23 |
17 |
16 |
18 |
17 |
37-39 |
12 |
12 |
11 |
9 |
15-16 |
8 |
10 |
10 |
8 |
10 |
10 |
12 |
21-23 |
17 |
10 |
12 |
12 |
16 |
8 |
12 |
25 |
20 |
13 |
12 |
11 |
13 |
11 |
11 |
12 |
12 |
33 |
15 |
9 |
16 |
12 |
25 |
26 |
19 |
12 |
11 |
12 |
12 |
11 |
9 |
12 |
12 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
30 |
12 |
13 |
24 |
13 |
10 |
10 |
21 |
15 |
19 |
13 |
24 |
17 |
13 |
15 |
24 |
12 |
23 |
18 |
10 |
14 |
17 |
9 |
12 |
11 |
|
892865
|
Sprouse
|
George Sprouse, b. 1777 VA and d. 1850 AL |
United States |
R-FT336040
|
Big Y-700
|
14 |
23 |
14 |
11 |
11-14 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
17 |
8-8-9 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
16 |
19 |
30 |
14-14-15-15-17-18 |
11 |
11 |
19-22 |
16 |
14 |
16 |
17 |
37-37-38 |
11 |
12 |
11 |
9 |
15-16 |
8 |
10 |
10 |
8 |
10 |
10 |
12 |
23-23 |
16 |
10 |
12 |
12 |
14 |
8 |
12 |
20 |
20 |
13 |
12 |
11 |
13 |
11 |
11 |
13 |
12 |
35 |
15 |
9 |
16 |
12 |
26 |
26 |
19 |
12 |
11 |
13 |
12 |
10 |
9 |
12 |
12 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
30 |
12 |
12 |
24 |
13 |
10 |
10 |
19 |
15 |
19 |
14 |
24 |
17 |
12 |
15 |
24 |
12 |
25 |
18 |
10 |
14 |
17 |
9 |
11 |
11 |
|
B138206
|
Birge
|
William Birge 1807-1848 |
United States |
R-FT245646
|
Big Y-700
|
14 |
23 |
14 |
11 |
11-14 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
17 |
8-9 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
15 |
19 |
30 |
14-15-17-18 |
11 |
11 |
18-22 |
16 |
14 |
16 |
17 |
37-38 |
11 |
12 |
11 |
9 |
15-16 |
8 |
10 |
10 |
8 |
10 |
10 |
12 |
23-23 |
16 |
10 |
12 |
12 |
14 |
8 |
12 |
20 |
20 |
13 |
12 |
11 |
13 |
11 |
11 |
13 |
12 |
36 |
13 |
9 |
17 |
12 |
26 |
26 |
19 |
12 |
11 |
13 |
12 |
10 |
9 |
12 |
12 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
30 |
12 |
12 |
24 |
13 |
10 |
10 |
21 |
15 |
19 |
14 |
24 |
17 |
11 |
15 |
24 |
12 |
25 |
18 |
10 |
14 |
17 |
9 |
11 |
11 |
|
128440
|
Chafin
|
John Chaffin, b. 1670 and d. 1745, Somersetshire |
England |
R-U198
|
Family Finder
|
14 |
23 |
14 |
11 |
11-14 |
12 |
12 |
14 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
17 |
8-9 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
16 |
19 |
30 |
14-15-17-18 |
11 |
11 |
19-22 |
16 |
14 |
16 |
16 |
37-38 |
11 |
12 |
11 |
9 |
15-16 |
8 |
10 |
10 |
8 |
10 |
10 |
12 |
23-23 |
16 |
10 |
12 |
12 |
14 |
8 |
12 |
20 |
20 |
13 |
12 |
11 |
13 |
11 |
11 |
13 |
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
346488
|
Martins da Costa
|
João Gonçalves, d. 1656 Altares, Terceira |
Portugal |
R-M269
|
Y-DNA37
|
14 |
23 |
14 |
11 |
11-14 |
12 |
12 |
14 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
17 |
9-10 |
11 |
11 |
24 |
15 |
19 |
29 |
15-15-17-17 |
11 |
12 |
19-23 |
14 |
15 |
19 |
18 |
37-38 |
12 |
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N114939
|
Chaffins
|
|
Unknown Origin |
R-L21
|
Genographic 2.0 Transfer
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Ungrouped |
|
998614
|
Toppins
|
John Topping 1760-1823 N England/S.Scotland |
Scotland |
E-FTE32308
|
Big Y-700
|
13 |
23 |
13 |
10 |
15-16 |
11 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
11 |
30 |
16 |
9-9 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
14 |
20 |
34 |
13-14-15-16 |
10 |
10 |
19-22 |
15 |
12 |
17 |
19 |
35-39 |
12 |
10 |
10 |
8 |
15-17 |
8 |
11 |
10 |
8 |
12 |
10 |
0 |
20-23 |
17 |
11 |
12 |
12 |
15 |
7 |
12 |
22 |
18 |
12 |
13 |
11 |
14 |
11 |
11 |
11 |
11 |
36 |
15 |
8 |
15 |
11 |
22 |
27 |
17 |
13 |
12 |
12 |
11 |
12 |
9 |
12 |
11 |
10 |
11 |
14 |
31 |
11 |
12 |
19 |
17 |
13 |
11 |
20 |
16 |
21 |
13 |
24 |
13 |
13 |
16 |
25 |
15 |
22 |
18 |
13 |
14 |
17 |
9 |
11 |
11 |
|
B47950
|
Grantham
|
Daniel Grantham Sr b 1796 GA d aft 1870 LA or MS |
United States |
E-P2
|
Autosomal Transfer Unlock
|
13 |
24 |
13 |
10 |
16-16 |
11 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
11 |
30 |
15 |
9-9 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
14 |
20 |
31 |
14-16-16-17 |
9 |
10 |
19-21 |
16 |
12 |
17 |
19 |
30-35 |
11 |
10 |
10 |
8 |
15-15 |
8 |
11 |
10 |
8 |
12 |
10 |
0 |
23-24 |
18 |
11 |
12 |
12 |
18 |
7 |
12 |
22 |
18 |
12 |
11 |
11 |
14 |
11 |
11 |
11 |
11 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|