The Scandinavian Y-DNA Project- Background
Administrators
Background
Introduction
The people of Northern Europe exist under harsh conditions. Throughout the middle ages the area was devastated by repeated plagues that reduced the original population. This has resulted in a limited gene pool.
Though the countries that make up Scandinavian benefit from extensive genealogical records, surnames were adopted at a relatively late date in most Scandinavian countries. In Sweden it was not made law until 1901. This makes a geographic project the most logical vehicle for exploring genealogy and DNA. Matching must then be done without the assumption of shared surnames pointing to common genealogical ancestry.
The Scandinavian yDNA Project exists to give genealogists of Scandinavian ancestry a way to connect to genealogically relevant matches.
Standards of practice
As a Geographic Project, The Scandinavian yDNA Project serves the Genetic Genealogy by:
- Exploring the history of the Scandinavian male settlement.
- Demonstrate regional differences.
- Compare males from the same region regardless of current surname.
The project is open to all Family Tree DNA clients who meet one of these qualifications:
- Have tested at Family Tree DNA and have yDNA ancestry from a Scandinavian country.
- Denmark
- Finland
- Iceland
- Norway
- Sweden
If this describes your kit or a kit that you have proxy rights for, you may join by following this link and filling in your kit number and password. You do not need to order a new kit.
In addition to the Family Tree DNA Administrator's Guidelines, the project shall:
- Inform all project members before allowing their results to be used outside of the project.
- Inform all project members of policy changes.
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News
Jan. 2007 — Work to return the project to full operational status begins.
Sep. 2005 — The Scandinavian Y-DNA Project will get a proper website.
Spring 2005 — The Project Manager {previous} will address the Conservative student society at the Stockholm university.
Dec. 2004 — Americans of Scandinavian descent are joining the project.
Autumn 2004 — The Project Manager addressed the Jewish and Kurdish student societies at the Stockholm university.
Sept. 2003 — The Scandinavian Y-DNA Project is initiated in Stockholm.
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Results
| | D
e
n
m
a
r
k | F
i
n
l
a
n
d | N
e
t
h
e
r
l
a
n
d
s | N
o
r
w
a
y | S
w
e
d
e
n | T
o
t
a
l |
|---|
| E-M35 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
5 |
|---|
| G-M201 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
4 |
|---|
| I-M253 |
12 |
18 |
1 |
20 |
37 |
88 |
|---|
| I-P215 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
5 |
10 |
|---|
| J-M172 |
2 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
5 |
|---|
| N-M231 |
0 |
20 |
0 |
2 |
12 |
34 |
|---|
| Q-M242 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
7 |
8 |
|---|
| R-P25 |
4 |
1 |
0 |
13 |
28 |
46 |
|---|
| R-SRY10831.2 |
3 |
5 |
0 |
13 |
12 |
33 |
|---|
| Total |
25 |
44 |
2 |
55 |
107 |
233 |
|---|
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References
Terminology- DNA
- Deoxyribonucleic acid is the storage unit for all living things. It is made up of four bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T), and is held together by a combination of esthers, phosphates, and sugars. Although DNA contains genes much of it is structural. DNA Genealogy utilizes these structural and non-coding regions.
- Mutation
- A mutation is any change in one of the base pairs of DNA.
- Maximum
- This is the upper bound or highest value in a range of results.
- Mean
- This is the average that most of us use in daily life. It is found by finding the sum of a group of and dividing it by the number in the group.
- Median
- This form of average gives us the middle score from a group of values.
- Minimum
- This is the lower bound or lowest value in a range of results.
- Mode
- This is the third type of average. It tells us, given a sample, what value occurs most often.
- Mutation Rate
- Mutation rates for STRs and SNP are predictions of how likely a mutation is to happen over a length of time. They should not be considered set or predictable like the ticking of a clock. Individual mutations are unpredictable like the number of times a year one forgets the car keys. They can be plotted over time though to create a backwards dating system with a reliability range. For the first 37 markers the I1 Project uses the mutation rates from Chandler 2006.
| Locus | Rate | Locus | Rate |
|---|
| DYS393 |
0.00076 | DYS447 |
0.00264 |
|---|
| DYS390 |
0.00311 | DYS437 |
0.00099 |
|---|
| DYS19 |
0.00151 | DYS448 |
0.00135 |
|---|
| DYS391 |
0.00265 | DYS449 |
0.00838 |
|---|
| DYS385* |
0.00226 | DYS464* |
0.00566 |
|---|
| DYS426 |
0.00009 | DYS460 |
0.00402 |
|---|
| DYS388 |
0.00022 | Y-GATA-H4 |
0.00208 |
|---|
| DYS439 |
0.00477 | YCAII* |
0.00123 |
|---|
| DYS389i |
0.00186 | DYS456 |
0.00735 |
|---|
| DYS392 |
0.00052 | DYS607 |
0.00411 |
|---|
| DYS389ii |
0.00242 | DYS576 |
0.01022 |
|---|
| DYS458 |
0.00814 | DYS570 |
0.00790 |
|---|
| DYS459* |
0.00132 | CDY* |
0.03531 |
|---|
| DYS455 |
0.00016 | DYS442 |
0.00324 |
|---|
| DYS454 |
0.00016 | DYS438 |
0.00055 |
|---|
Please reference that work for confidence intervals and other details. - SNP
- A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism is a change to a single position in DNA. That is a point in DNA that had read TTAGATA might now read TTAGACA.
- Standard Deviation
- Calculated as the square root of the variance, the standard deviation of a population tells us how much the values vary about the mean.
- STR
- A Short Tandem Repeat is a pattern of DNA that is repeated. GATA is a common repeat and a three repeat long segment might be CAGATAGATAGATATT.
- y-Chromosome
- This is one of a male's 23rd chromosome pairs. While females have two x-Chromosomes that they inherit from both parents men have one y-Chromosome that they inherit from their father and one x-Chromosome that they inherit from their mother.
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Haplogroup Trees
Back soon...
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Articles
- Karlsson, (2006) Y-chromosome Diversity in Sweden - A Long-time Perspective European Journal of Human Genetics, 1-8.
- Lappalainen, (2006)Regional differences among the Finns: A Y-chromosomal perspective Gene 376 (2), 207-215
- Rootsi, (2004)Phylogeography of Y-Chromosome Haplogroup I Reveals Distinct Domains of Prehistoric Gene Flow In Europe American Journal of Human Genetics, 75:128-137
- Underhill, (2000) Y Chromosome Sequence Variation and the History of Human Populations Nature Genetics, 26: 358-361.
- Underhill, (2001) The Phylogeography of Y Chromosome Binary Haplotypes and the Origins of Modern Human Populations Annals of Human Genetics, 65:43-62.
- Underhill, (2007) New Phylogenetic Relationships for Y-chromosome Haplogroup I: Reappraising its Phylogeography and Prehistory in Rethinking the Human Evolution, Mellars P, Boyle K, Bar-Yosef O, Stringer C, Eds. McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Cambridge, UK, pp. 33-42.
- Y Chromosome Consortium (YCC)C), (2002)A Nomenclature System for the Tree of Human Y-Chromosomal Binary Haplogroups Genome Research, 12:339-348.
Databases
- Family Tree DNA's public y-Chromosome Database: ySearch
- The Sorenson Family of Companies non-profit Foundation's proprietary database: SMGF Database
E-mail Lists/Forums
Journals and News Letters
- American Journal of Human Genetics
- Annals of Human Genetics
- European Journal of Human Genetics
- Family Tree DNA Newsletter: Facts & Genes
- Family Tree DNA Newsletter: Facts & Genes Archives
- Genome Research
- Human Genetics
- Journal of Genetic Genealogy
- Society for Molecular Biology
Organizations
Websites about y–chromosome DNA
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Please contact the project administration before using project member's results. The results of individual project members are their own and the right to reuse them outside this project is reserved to their individual consent. Please cite this site as: Rebekah Canada, (2011) The Scandinavian yDNA Project, Family Tree DNA.
General Fund
To donate to the general fund please
click here.
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