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Group Administrator: Martha Bowes mhbowes@tds.net
Project Surnames:| BOASE | BOAZ | BOE | BOES | | BOEY | BOGUE | BOGUES | BOW | | BOWE | BOWES | BOWS | BOWZ | | BOYCE (primarily when from Donegal and west Irela | CRONIN | O'BOE | O'BOGUE | | O'BOWE | O'BUO |
Project Background:
Our project helps those with the surnames Bowes, Bowe and other variants to learn more about their family history using genetic genealogy. This tool helps participants locate blood relatives (who they can then share family information with), determine what large migratory group their DNA falls within (haplogroup), and what branch within that group they belong to (haplotype). For instance, were your very early ancestors Celtic/Gaelic, Viking, American Indian, Ashenazi or some other group? You may be surprised! As the project - and the science behind it - grows, participants can continue to benefit from new connections, data and interpretations.
What can I expect from testing?
Who can participate?
Which test should I order?
What else will make my contribution useful?
Note to Cronins
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What can I expect from testing?
The first 12 markers will indicate which haplogroup you belong to. While we are all technically related to original emigrants from Africa about 100,000 years ago, slowly mutating markers on the Y chromosome gradually differentiated the various migratory groups. For instance our first two members, both from Ireland with surname Bowes, are found to belong to two different haplogroups: R1b and I1a (the former not yet subdelineated, the latter being Viking).
Genetic genealogy is an evolving science (aren't they all?), so when results show that two people are related (determined by markers beyond the first 12), the degree of relatedness is given in terms of the probability that their most recent common ancestor (MRCA) lived within a given time frame. Academic researchers continually refine these probabilities as well as haplogroup subgroups, and over time FTDNA incorporates the new science into the services and results they provide.
It should be noted that in about 5% of cases results turn up a "non-paternity" event. There are numerous possible explanations for this, including:
- In the challenging circumstances within which many of our ancestors lived, widowed women with children or who were pregnant often remarried, sometimes to survive. The new father would informally adopt her children, who would take the new father's name.
- Natural disasters, diseases and the like have often orphaned children, who were then taken in by neighbors or friends and took the new family's name.
- Surnames in some areas, such as Ireland, underwent great instability due to political and cultural changes. Individuals would alter their surname to better suit changing environments.
- Sometimes a male even assumed his wife's last name when it improved his chances of inheriting his wife's family's estate.
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Who can participate?
Only males bearing the surnames above can provide relevant DNA information for this project, since only males carry the Y chromosome that follows the surname.
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Which test should I order?
The more markers you order, the better the sample but the higher the cost. Generally speaking, if you order a 12-marker test and the results don't match anyone, you won't need to order any more markers until a 12-marker match comes along (unless you want more information about your haplogroup or haplotype). However, some people have found mismatches at 12 markers that turned into close matches when adding more markers. For this reason I recommend at least the 25-marker test, if possible. Be aware that while this is cheaper in the short run, your total expense if you later add more markers will be a little higher than if you order a 37- or 67-marker test from the start. Perhaps other family members will share the cost with you. For some it makes a great gift!
Click Join This Project to order a kit for yourself or another. Simple cheek swab supplies will be sent to the address you designate. Upon returning your sample, your kit will be assigned an ID number at FTDNA and then forwarded to an independent lab at the University of Arizona without any personally identifying information. No personal information, such as medical information, is contained on the Y-chromosome from which the tested markers come. The lab will keep your kit so the sample is available if you later decide to upgrade your markers.
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What else will make my contribution useful?
All of the following steps will help:
- Please sign the Release that comes with your kit (though this is not required), allowing FamilyTreeDNA.com to share your name and email only with anyone else whose results provide a relevant DNA match. This is important so that if a new person is tested, and the database matches them to you, they will know how to reach you.
- Please also enter information on the Release about your earliest known ancestor.
- Please allow FTDNA to compare your results not only to members in this project, but also to all those in the FTDNA database. It is not unusual that matches are discovered with people of another surname, which can prove valuable to your research.
- FTDNA's email notification to you that your results are in will contain a link to your personal membership page at FamilyTreeDNA.com. From this page, using the Y-DNA Markers tab, you can automatically add and update your results to the YSearch database. This FTDNA database pools results from other genealogy DNA testing companies, so you can look for matches from a wider pool. Also from your personal page you can upload a gedcom file showing your ancestry. The information for living relatives will automatically be blocked during the upload.
- You should also enter your results into the database at YBase. Be sure to apply any numerical conversions needed as outlined at the YBase website. (I think only one marker requires this.)
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Note to Cronins:
Since according to the Irish Bowes story above the surname Cronin comes from Buadhach's brother, if the story is true, then Cronins could be genetically linked to any Gaelic Bowes (or variant) surnames in this project. Your DNA tests would help establish whether this part of the story is true. We are very interested in your contriubtions, and the conclusions will help Cronins establish their past as well. Feel free to join this project until there is a Cronin one to move to.
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Project Background, Goals, Results and News are copyright of the specific Surname Project Project Goals:
- to allow males with these surname variants to obtain a group discount while ordering their Y chromosome DNA analysis for family history research
- to identify genetically distinct lines among people with these surnames
- to help connect people with these surnames who are genetically related in a genealogically meaningful time frame (since surnames came into use), so they can augment one another's family history research
- to discern what migration paths people with these surnames may have taken throughout history
- to determine whether or not any Bowes from Ireland are genetically related to any Bowes from England
- to see if any Bowes (and variant) lines can substantiate the origin of the Bowes (and variant) surnames in Ireland that is given in the ancient texts (this will require participation of Cronins). Irish Bowes (and variants) are said to arise from the Gaelic sept Ui O'Buadhaigh, meaning Victorius and pronounced approximately "O'Boowig." [MacLysaght, Edward, Surnames of Ireland, Dublin, 1985]. According to the Eoghanacht Genealogies from The Book of Munster (1703), the O'Buadhaigh sept descends from Oilill Olum, the king of Munster who controlled all of southern Ireland in the 2nd century:
Maolodhar son of Sealbach had five sons: Ealathach, from whom the Mac Ealathaigh family; Buadhach, from whom the Ui Buadaigh (O'Bogue); Cathalan, from whom Ui Chathalain (Cahalane); Maoilin, from whom Ui Mhaoilin; and Croinin, from whom the Ui Chroinin family (O'Cronin). [This would have been about 720 A.D.] If this is true at least some Cronin markers should match some Bowes (and variants) markers.
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Phone: (713) 868-1438 | Fax: (832) 201-7147
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All Contents Copyright 2001-2004 Genealogy by Genetics, Ltd.
Project Background, Goals, Results and News are copyright of the specific Surname Project Project News: | 16 DEC 2004 -- Project Began | Family Tree DNA - Genealogy by Genetics, Ltd.
World Headquarters
1445 North Loop West, Suite 820 Houston, Texas 77008, USA
Phone: (713) 868-1438 | Fax: (832) 201-7147
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All Contents Copyright 2001-2004 Genealogy by Genetics, Ltd.
Project Background, Goals, Results and News are copyright of the specific Surname Project Project Results:
So far our participants all have Irish ancestry. (We really encourage those with other geographic histories to join!) Bowes, Bowe, and Boe of Irish descent in this project so far are found to have early origins in (1) possibly a Celtic/Gaelic haplogroup (R1b), and (2) the Viking haplogroup (I).
R1b is the most common haplotype among European males. Many in this group wonder if they have Celtic/Gaelic Irish origins, but that can't be determined by R1b alone. For this group it may be especially important to order the haplotype refinement tests (SNP tests). In addition, new research indicates that while it's been long believed that the Celts/Gaels invaded Ireland around 500 AD, and certainly some Irish will have Celtic markers, a genetic study has shown that it's more likely the Celtic culture came to Ireland through trade and other contacts that the indiginous Irish population had with Celts living off the island. Most Irish males' DNA matches groups in northern Spain and southwestern France, rather than Celts. I will update this paragraph when I learn more about interpreting R1b in Ireland.
The I participants have their own adventure ahead when it comes to determining their forebearers origins. It is not yet clear whether the Viking Bowes and Bowe forebearers came to Ireland as part of the Viking incursions of the early 9th century, with the Normans after 1169, or perhaps due to some other circumstance. It is common knowledge that these groups often assimilated into the Irish culture, and the Bowes from Kilkenny were thoroughly Irish culturally by the time they emigrated during the Great Famine.
Participant Notes By Subgroup
General Haplogroup Descriptions
Participant Notes by Subgroup
Viking Group I
Kit 32613: Boe: Strandrear, Scotland, haplogroup I
This participant's ancestors emigrated first to Northern Ireland, and then to Australia. This participant has not tested enough markers to determine whether he matches other haplogroup I participants. Early indications are that he would belong to the haplotype I1a (see below).
Suggested action: Testing of additional markers, at least 37, might show whether this individual has more recent matches with other participants in the I haplogroup.
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Viking Group I1a
Kit 30435: Bowes: b. 1790, Kilkenny, Ireland, haplogroup I1a
Though Viking genetically, this Bowes line was culturally very Irish Catholic when the emigrated to New York during the Great Famine.
Some of the I1a markers of this member are quite uncommon (DYS385=13,13 and DYS393=14). According to an I1a researcher, the first of these is shared very distantly with some I1a Hamiltons from the Scottish low country. The most recent common ancestor (MRCA) with them would be about 1350 years ago, subject to a wide margin. This places their MRCA after the Anglo-Saxons had come to England and Scotland.
In the Sorenson database there is also a near match with a Wallace at 22 of 25 markers, including the unusual DYS385=13,13 that this member shares with some Hamiltons. A Wallace line originated near the Hamiltons of lowland Scotland and the two families intermarried, according to a Hamilton researcher. More markers should be tested to learn more about this Wallace connection.
Kit 80618: Bowe, b. 1800 Ireland, haplogroup I1a
This family has oral history of the earliest ancestor being born in Ireland in 1800. At some point they emigrated to Newfoundland, and then to Canada.
Suggested action: Order more markers to see if a closer relationship can be discerned with Kit 30435 above.
The FTDNA database has a third match to the two above by the name of Crowley. He's been invited to join.
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R1b Group 1
Kit N44923: This participant hasn't sent in any information about his ancestry.
Suggested action: Your 12-marker test does not match anyone in the project closely enough to suggest ordering more markers at this time. Depending how interested you are in your haplogroup information, you may want to order an SNP test to identify which subgroup of R1b you are in.
R1b Group 2
Kit 30445: Bowes: Dublin, Ireland, haplogroup Rb1.
This participant has near matches in the FTDNA database with Springer, Prendergast, Flanagan and Bird at the 37-marker level. This can be due to non-paternity events, Irish slavery (see below), or name changes due to other personal reasons. The member has looked into the Springer match and reported the following:
"Hi Martha! My family does indeed share a common ancestor with the Springers (35/37 matches) his earliest known ancestor is about 1790 when he arrived in the US from Barbados. Our shared ancestor is most likely 400 years ago... Its all very interesting..... maybe our shared ancestor was a wee bit promiscuous. One possibility is still that we are English Bowes, alternatively the 1600's in Ireland was an extremely violent time, after Oliver Cromwell's victory, lots of Irish were shipped to the Carribean as Slaves, just an idea... my brother is trying to trace our family tree as we speak. I am trying to find out what haplotype the Springers are. Its great that we are getting more volunteers!"
Suggested action: This participant may want to invite those with other surnames in the FTDNA database that match him to join our project. I would add them to his subgroup so they could more easily compare their markers and determine when each line may have branched from the others. Once in the FTDNA database, it is free to join additional projects. A Springer matching this member has now joined the project, Kit #23350.
Re: Irish slaves
Kit 23350: Springer surname matching Kit #30445 has joined. See Kit #30445 for notes.
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Other Group
Kit #38511: This member is a woman with last name Boe who had her MtDNA tested. The results will interest her, but since they represent her mother's genetic line, they have no bearing on the Bowes (and variants) surname project.
Suggested action: Encourage a male relative with a Boe surname to join.
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General Haplogroup Descriptions
HG I - Only about 10-18% of men of European descent are in this haplogoup.
"The I, I1, and I1a lineages are nearly completely restricted to northwestern Europe. These would most likely have been common within Viking populations. One lineage of this group extends down into central Europe."
[FTDNA]
"If DYS19 = 14 and DYS392 = 11 then you are likely haplogroup I1a.
"If I1a with ancestry in the British Isles and 22 at DYS390 then more likely Saxon origin. If I1a and 23 at DYS390 then more likely Norse origin"
[Ken Nordtvedt http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/read/GENEALOGY-DNA/2004-06/1087663113]
"Tests are being developed by FTDNA which will hopefully be successful in determining a way to divide HG I into more specific subgroups which will in turn be linked to specific regions in Europe.)
"... Haplogroup I is most frequent in central Eastern Europe and also occurs in Basques and Sardinians...
"Haplogroup 'I' is thought to stem from a group (Gravettian culture) that arrived in Europe from the Middle East about 25,000 years ago. The Gravettian culture was 'known for its Venus figurines, shell jewellery, and for using mammoth bones to build homes.'"
[Mike Rutledge http://home.attbi.com/~rutledgedna/haplogroups.html#I: ]
Comparison with an I1a study shows this line very likely descends from a Danish stock of Saxons (later Anglo-Saxons). Anglo-Saxons were part of the Viking invasions of Ireland in the 800s AD, and may have again invaded Ireland in 1169 as Normans.
For a time, Kilkenny, where this member's Ireland roots are, became the Norman stronghold of Ireland. Many of the early Vikings in Ireland, and later the Normans, intermarried with the Irish and adopted Irish ways. It has been said that they became "more Irish than the Irish."
N.B. (While it's been said that the Normans were Danish, Anglo-Saxon Vikings who had settled Normandy, France, and later, in 1066, came to England with William the Conqueror. In 1169 some then left England for Ireland. However, I found an interview with the genetic scientists behind the BBC production "Blood of the Vikings" who said some of their research indicated this was not really true.)
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HG R1b - Over 50% of men of European descent are in this haplogroup.
"R1b (previously known as Hg1 and Eu18) is the most prolific haplogroup in Europe and its frequency changes in a cline from west (where it reaches a saturation point of almost 100% in areas of Western Ireland) to east (where it becomes uncommon in parts of Eastern Europe and virtually disappears beyond the Middle East). A R1b haplotype (a set of marker scores indicative of the haplogroup) is very difficult to interpret in that they are found at relatively high frequency in the areas where the Anglo - Saxon and Danish 'invaders' originally called home (e.g., 55% in Friesland), and even up to 30% in Norway. Thus a R1b haplotype makes it very challenging to determine the origin of a family with this DNA signature. At present there is no clear way to surmount this hurdle, however tests are being developed which will hopefully be successful in determining a way to divide R1b3 into subgroups which will in turn be linked to specific regions in Europe. Thus clear indicators of ancestral origins of those person with an R1b haplotype will perhaps be available in the months ahead. Until then, we wait...
"The research literature provides the following explanation of the origins of the R1b haplogroup. It is believed that during the Last Glacial Maximum the people bearing the R1b haplogroup over wintered in Iberia, and after the glacial retreat about 12,000 years before present, began a migration to the north in large numbers, and to the east in declining numbers (although probably arriving in Spain from the east 30,000 years ago among the paleolithic or 'old stone age' peoples considered to be aboriginal to Europe). It is believed that everyone who is R1b is a descendant in the male line from an individual known as 'the patriarch' since his descendants account for over 40% of all the chromosomes of Europe. This haplogroup is characteristic of the Basques whose language is probably that of the first R1b, and who are genetically the closest to the original R1b population (which probably amounted to only a few thousand individuals)."
[Dr. David Faux http://www.davidkfaux.org/shetlandhaplogroupR1b]
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World Headquarters
1445 North Loop West, Suite 820 Houston, Texas 77008, USA
Phone: (713) 868-1438 | Fax: (832) 201-7147
Contact Us
All Contents Copyright 2001-2004 Genealogy by Genetics, Ltd.
Project Background, Goals, Results and News are copyright of the specific Surname Project Family Tree DNA - Genealogy by Genetics, Ltd.
World Headquarters
1445 North Loop West, Suite 820 Houston, Texas 77008, USA
Phone: (713) 868-1438 | Fax: (832) 201-7147
Contact Us
All Contents Copyright 2001-2004 Genealogy by Genetics, Ltd.
Project Background, Goals, Results and News are copyright of the specific Surname Project DNA Test Results (mtDNA) for Project Members Family Tree DNA - Genealogy by Genetics, Ltd.
World Headquarters
1445 North Loop West, Suite 820 Houston, Texas 77008, USA
Phone: (713) 868-1438 | Fax: (832) 201-7147
Contact Us
All Contents Copyright 2001-2004 Genealogy by Genetics, Ltd.
Project Background, Goals, Results and News are copyright of the specific Surname Project
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