Results
- THE KIELY TARGET HAPLOTYPE GROUP -
Initially a coalescent of topology which included topography and a
chronology of specified surname population records gave a complete population frequency distribution to be matched with surname results in a database containing haplotypes that matched the Kiely surname haplotype. Initially 669 surname samples (Kiely surname and specific variants) were obtained from the Griffiths Land Evaluation Ordinance conducted in 19th century Ireland - where Kiely surnames were associated with land and households throughout the surveyed regions. The most common variant surnames in the survey records were: Keely, Keily, Kiley, and Kealy. Two variant surnames within the Kiely Surname Project, are Kiley surnames, and this spelling was the same as my great great grandfather Patrick's surname - signifying that changing of the Kiely surname spelling had occurred at least once within my own family branch. From the Kiley surname results there was an 11/12 STR AND SNP marker match with my own 12 marker results, signifying there was a single marker one step mutation occurring on a fast moving (SNP) marker in the Kiley result - meaning highly probable relatedness. A later second Kiley participant result confirmed a 12/12 STR AND SNP marker haplotype match of relatedness. Exact allele matches were also made with those surname bearers known as -genetic cousins- these are other surnames in the database that are neither Kiely nor variant Kiely surnames; but represent the descendants or branches of a common ancestral tree in the regions where common ancestors journeyed to by sea and land. These STR matches do not change over time and the SNP allele markers only mutate occasionally between generations of descendants from a common ancestor. Ancestral data for the naming of the genetic cousin-s proved to establish their regional surname origin as well as the point of relatedness in a broader historical and cultural study of common ancestry (not the place of the birth of the person whose result was in the database - but rather their original ancestral surname bearer). My immediate Kiely family ancestor-s birth records indicated that my grandfather John Kiely was born in Baurnagurrahy in 1900 and registered in Galbally, County Limerick (this was after his father Roger - Rory - Kiely, had returned from the USA to manage the family property). My immediate family Kiely residential status in Ireland was within the Aherlow Valley at Baurnagurrahy. My great grandfather Roger-s, and my great great grandfather Patrick Kiley-s birth records were possibly lost in the great fire at the Registrar General-s Office in Dublin - prior to 1850. Church records of my family Kiely have not been liberally made available to me to date. The House of Names indicated that the Kiely family seat was anciently held in Waterford from early times. The family descend in the same ancient tree as the Ui Chensellaig and the noble gentry of Leinster generally.
Distribution data based on historical records were matched against matching Y-DNA results in the database - 12/12 marker (alleles) matching to signify relatedness. Typically, links were found within the context of sociopolitical movements in specific geographies,in as much as,the origins of the genetic cousin-s surnames were found to be consistently grouped in the following regions and peoples anciently: the Vocontii (a Gaelic speaking people who arrived in the Rhone Valley, in 6th Century B.C.); the Dumnonii of Devonshire and Argyll(known Gaels or the original Gaelic speakers - descendants of Gaedhil Glas); the Ui Chennselaig/Fir Domhnainn (also Gaelic speakers) populated Leinster and the Fir Domhnainn also populated the region of north-west Connemara; Aestii of Estonia; Callaecii of North-West Spain. By matching and contrasting historical data, the results signified an ancestral movement where ancient filial links do not seem to be lost. To this extent, a typical Bayesian method of calculation could enlarge on micro-satellite mutations found also in variations of related surname haplotypes within the regions mapped. Further gene mapping for actual population haplogroups would require a much larger data set to work with, and therefore other surname histories and Y-STR results were analyzed in an historical context as surnames within major sociopolitical and cultural movements. An analysis of the meaning of the related surnames were considered for social status value and regional histories were examined for cultural interactions with surname bearers and their cultural affiliations. Further consideration was given to interactions between these cultural groups, for example, the Vocontii, and those other cultural groups which bordered on their region or country - like the Ligurian-s territory that was south of the Vocontian lands predominantly as a coastal territory from what is now the French Riviera to the North of Italy - Tuscany. A chronological history of these families within now specified regional definitions, both culturally and sociopolitically, proved to reflect their past and current social status as being high citizenship status, consistent with historical time-frames before the present. Interestingly, all of the results for the Tuscany region are found between Lucca and Pistoia (a 30 km stretch, along a major highway). As one travels east from the Vocontian territories - with Drome at the center - using the results corresponding with the Y-DNA data - reads like a straight migratory path through mountain valleys and passes. The Antichi surname emanates from Villa Minozzo-Milano, and is also found in the Bouches de Rhone and Alpes Maritimes. The Andreoni family emanates from Milano, and Piacenza. Many superlative nouns are used to describe these surname bearers by sometimes hinting at a small or warrior like man in these regions, e.g. Mazzacavallo (strike horse/mace armed), Constantini (steadfast), Ciccolilli (hard and small), Andreoni (manly warrior). Exceptions are Antichi (old), Pacini (peaceful - perhaps indicating that name changes may have been a tradition for retired family members who migrated to those regions - or were designated a peaceful disposition).
As one journeys east from Glamorgen in Southern Wales, one reaches Gloucestershire in Southern England, and finds the surname origins of the genetic cousins: Stephens; Stiff; and Slaughter. A turn to the south into Cheshire, one finds the surname origins of the genetic cousins: Nichols; Broomell; Huber; and Overland (Lords of the Manor). In Devonshire, the surname origins of these genetic cousins are found: Poe(Lords of the Manor of Blackborough); Cornell; Poor; and Birt. In Somerset, we find the Sweet family of genetic cousins. The final most populated south west British region for genetic cousins is Yorkshire, where we find the families: Fish; Bush; Gambill; and Pickle. Sussex, also reveals more than three matches for genetic cousins: Boone; Alcorn; Hayes (also Hughes or Aodh in Ireland); and Andreoni. Also, Cornwall bears some notables: Kindig; and Glynn (although this is also a West Meath family name - Mag Fhlionn). In Kent, are the surname origins of these haplotype matches: Casebolt family - who were Lords of the Manor in Kent.
Given the invasion history of Britain, by drawing focus on the Anglo-Saxon/Jute history in Britain during the 6th Century AD, it would not have been possible to maintain a concrete form of previous regional stability as a dominant cultural system. The Dumnonii were represented in two regions at this time, where many of the original surname haplotype matches are found emanating from - these being mainly in the regions of Devonshire and Argyll by this time. The link is strengthened by matching the surname data in this project, allowing for the fact that both groups had settled in both regions, and were known to one another. Once again social politics began to reshape the distribution of kinship. Most obvious is the naming of genetic cousins - as more than often diminutive nouns were used for these cousins after Anglo-Saxon and Norman invasions - however, their social status and prowess seems unchallenged and it appears that social status and ancient seats had been maintained through possible intermarriage to secure land or simply through franchising. The affiliation between the Dumnonii and the matching surname haplotype families in the regions of the Dumnonii and the Domhnainn may have been a similar arrangement of marriage more anciently with the Picts in Scotland and with the Errain and Tuatha De Danaan in Ireland anciently (and certain branches of the family of Gaels, with the English or Anglo-Normans in more recent times) - the surnames in the project for Scotland appear to all originate in Dumnonii held lands, or in the more ancient Scottish Isles - and the origin of the Kiely surname in the Irish Kingdom of Leinster also corresponds with our ancient patriarchal ancestor history there within the context of a Gaelic race coming into direct contact with the Fir Domhnainn or men of Dhomna or Dumna (Geoffrey Keating, History of Ireland). The Fir Domhnainn are associated in many texts with the Dumnonii. This also gives a more ancient account of ancestral settlements connected with the Kiely family genetically in mapping a coalescent marker within the lands occupied by Dumnonii (in Devonshire and Scotland) and the Dhomnainn (in Ireland - Leinster and County Mayo) - strengthened by cultural similarities and the use of language to name cultural objects are the same. In Scotland we find the following genetic cousins (12/12 marker matches): Cameron(more than three result matches) emanating from Invernessshire; MacCleod (Isle of Lewis); MacKillop(Argyleshire and Loachaber - descending from the MacDonnels, who descend from the Lord of the Isles); MacPherson(Inverness); Douglas(Moray); Edmundson(Edinburghshire); MacCallum(Argyll); Christy (Edinburghshire); Grant(Invernessshire); Shaw(Perthshire); Herold(Argyllshire); MacKenzie(Isle of Ross-Royal House of Lorn); MacCulloch(Dumfries);Stewart(between Fort William and Oban); Conn(Aberdeenshire);Goudie(Edinburghshire); MacDonald(Loch Shiel). Here among these genetic cousins with these surnames, we find superlative nouns in use to describe the surname bearer - with the nominal use of superlatives designating descent from a single ancestor haplotype - especially where more than one match is found. The frequency of noble bearing surnames from the surname results are also gleaned from historical records and by analyzing the meaning of the surnames.
In Agricola-s day, Tacitus named North Scotland -Caledonia- the advent of the Norsemen caused attrition to this naming. Norsemen re-named many bays in Scotland - the firth of the land of the Phets or Picts (Phetland); although this was not historically recognized (Vigfusson 1886). Pict warriors armed with daggers and short spears met the Roman armies in guerrilla warfare. The Caledonii were defeated by the Romans, and the Picts regained their lands and former alliances. The use of short daggers and spears by the Pict warriors proved them to be difficult to defeat - similar to how the Iberians were difficult to defeat. Evidence strongly suggests that the Dumnonii people lived in peace with the Romans - as did the Vocontii in Drome (in the Rhone Valley). Bordering tribal groups, like the Ligurians intermarrying with the Vocontii may have also produced a third sociocultural group, the Silure or Siluve (De Witt 1941); and the Picts also made marriage alliances with the Dumnonii. The origin of the word Dumnonii and Damnonii from the root word Dumnh may suggest mound builders, indicating that the people known as Dumnonii built round mounds, as seen throughout the British Isles, according to McLean (1878)- although other interpretations of the name suggest that these people were deep valley dwellers, miners of deep places or had worshiped the Goddess Domnu or Dumnos - a goddess of the the deep waters and springs. According to Ptolemy the Dumnonii territory in Scotland extended from Inveresk in the east to Loudan Hill in the west - and in the northern border; from Inchtut Hill in the west, right throughout the west to the Western Isles. Caledonii are also represented in Ptolemy-s map. Mclean, also describes the Dumnonii as celebrated Gaels, who are eloquent and chivalrous. It is interesting to note similarities in culture between the Vocontii in Isere/Drome; the Dumnonii in Devonshire and Invernesshire; and the Galaecii or Calaecii of Castile-Leon in Spain, such as, that none of these tribes minted coins (as far as archaeological evidence suggests). There are many other cultural similarities - too broad to cover here.
Linkage disequilibrium mapping corresponding to historical mapping data is not the same as haplogroup mapping, but ironically the mapping would in all probability reveal contrasting features supported by historical data. Due to the lack of information (surnames) concerning more than a one step mutation (counted as one step for each Y-STR) sampled in the database, complex algorithms were not employed. The haplotype studied therefore corresponded only to the results of the 12 Y-STR results within three anthrogenealogical databases and the same number of sources for records of the surnames that matched the Kiely target surname haplotype were used in the mapping process. This process represented thousands of surname records being viewed - approximately 500 persons for each surname corresponding to the related 12 to 25 marker matches with the Kiely target surname haplotype drawn from six KIELY surname results with original surname ancestry in the following counties: County Tipperary and County Limerick; County Waterford. The townships for these member participants in the Kiely surname haplotype group are: Clonmel-Kilsheelin (both on the Suir River); Dungarvan-Cappoquin (on the Blackwater River); and Baurnagurrahy (on the Aherlow River).
The population size - first obtained from a Griffiths Land Evaluation Ordinance Survey - gave 669 Kielys. Surname variants Keely, Kealy, Keily etc, were viewed as well. The results show a topographical relationship with the Kiely surname, concentrated mainly in Counties Cork, Limerick, Tipperary, Waterford, and Clare - 228 persons, 91 persons, 162persons, 205 persons, and 13 persons respectively for these counties, at the time of ordinance surveys: 1847 to 1864 (the Kiely surname bearer may have been recorded more than once, so these figures do account for that as well). Only 4 persons were surveyed for Dublin; 1 for Galway; 2 for Kerry; 1 for Kilkenny; 1 for Monaghan; 1 for Roscommon; 1 for Wexford; and 1 for Wicklow in the Griffiths Evaluation Surveys.
KEALY RESULTS
The Kealy surname is not a very common surname. Having three Kealy participants in the Kiely Surname Project was very much an unexpected God send for the project; for this participation from three descendants of a Kealy ancestor would help to prove or disprove relatedness and thereby (in all probability) dispel claims made by many historians and amateur genealogists; that the surname Kealy was and is a variant form of the surname Kiely or vice verse - or at least both surnames have the same ancestral origin. Through the analysis of these results and comparing the Kealy test results for Y-DNA marker relatedness to the Kiely surname haplotype, there appeared to be no relatedness - not even the same haplo-subgroup membership both in localization and historically linked data sub-sets. This warranted further investigation and comparisons with the Kealy surname matches in the database at FTDNA.
What was found, is the results in the database offered a surname analysis and country of origin for the surnames in the database - a good start to analyzing the relationship of the Kealy Y-STR results with the other surname results in the database. In accordance with historical and other research for the surnames - their meaning and origin (or point of origin from which the names traditionally emanate out into an axis). What was found is that all of the matches for one result revealed a relatedness to surnames that originated in all of the territories settled by the Ui Niall or Ui Neill. This extended from Donnegal, Tyrone, Leitrim, Sligo, Longford in the North of Ireland, down into Roscommon, Galway, and Kings County/Queens County and the borders of Kilkenny in the South of Ireland. Most of these families were of the one descent from the Ui Neill line. This result did not match the two other results for Kealy participants. One test result was a one marker step difference. The DYS 390 was at 25 (as many markers are at this DYS. All three results were 25 steps at DYS 390 - however, the different one step counts occurred at DYS 391 for test kit 82499 (with only 12 markers tested was placed in an R1b1 membership) - and subsequently it was difficult to compare this result with descendants of the Ui Neill - possible need for retesting was assumed, but not officiated. Participant W. Kealy gave his grandfather-s birth place as near the border of Laois (once Queens County) and Kildare. This placed his family in the Southern Ui Neill ancient territory. It was not until J. Kealy joined the project and had a test made of his Y-DNA (12 markers), that the picture became more clearer. J. Kealy was born near the border of Kilkenny and Laois - his grandfather is thought to have been born in Galway - placing his origins firmly in Southern Ui Neill country as well. It was not long before the realization occurred that the one step marker on DYS 390 in W. Kealy-s result was one step away from the Mr. J. Kealy result (kit 92948). Why? As I looked at the kit 92948 result, I soon realized that this was the same Y-DNA series for the Ui Niall haplotype itself 13-25-14-11-11-13-12-12-12-13-14-29 (Laoise T. Moore et. al. 2006, see also Brian McEvoy, 2006, 2008) - from whom comes along with his father and brothers, the Ui Neill filial clans and territories. I soon realized that the origin of the surname Kealy, and its relatedness to descendants of the Ui Neill, also meant that the Kealy haplotype was one of direct descent from an O-Neill branch and that I had two results from that region who were not at all known to one another as close relatives - but both had the same haplotype, save a one step mutation. One other thing I noticed in the translating of the surname matches to J. Kealy-s result, was that many of the surnames in the FTDNA database suggested white haired persons in the surname description - particularly in the Scottish surname results. I emailed J. Kealy in Ireland and informed him of this, to which he replied, that everyone in his direct male line - with a few exceptions were born with white hair that matured into a grayish color. W. Kealy also sent me a photo of his person, sporting white hair. I researched this distinction both from a biological perspective and from an historical perspective to find that the Romans had described nearly all of the Cymbri as having white hair or graying hair. These authors described their religious leaders as women who looked old - due to their hair color - but were not all old. They were described as priestesses who wore attire similar to that of the Druids and appeared to practice a form of Druidism. All of the Cymbri youths were described as having white hair. I also conveyed this finding and traced the migration of the Cymbri in ancient times to the exact places on the continent to where many of the continental surname matches to the Kealy surname haplotype had emanated.
The third Y-DNA test belonged to P.E. Kealy, who could trace his male family line to early migration records within the USA, but not back to Ireland. Sadly after years of researching his family history and possible origins with his lovely wife, he had arrived at very little for so much. With the help of his cousin Mr. Wilson - who also has a project at FTDNA - Mr. Kealy joined the project hoping for a 12/12 match with the Kiely haplotype. I congratulated Mr. Kealy for being the first Kealy in history to attempt to validate or invalidate any relatedness - the test results proved that there was not any relatedness. Mr. Kealy had an extended marker test made for his result, and is now identified as being of the R1b1b2 haplo-subgroup. Sadly, his result is a three step difference to the established Kealy haplotype for the Southern Ui Neill at the following DYS markers: 391, 385, 392. His extended marker test reveals no relationship to the extended result for the Ui Niall haplotype. I believe however, that it is possible for Mr.Kealy to have a Kealy surname inherited from a Kealy ancestor - whose origin remains a mystery. Nevertheless, Mr. P. Kealy matches with surnames in the database more than once, or >3.
It should be noted that 0.6 of 1% of entries in the FTDNA database have the Ui Neill signature of descent. The studies made for the North-West of Ireland and the USA alone show up to 3 million people of Irish descent are related to the Ui Neill clan. That is a lot of people.
KIELY SURNAME HAPLOTYPE VARIABLES
The relationship between the number of variable sets given from the above results were used with surname haplotype matches (12/12 definitely related) in the database. These surname haplotype matches were then researched to gain a result of residential status and social status. Marjoram et al. (2000) found a problem using multivariate criteria to analyze functional mutation *probability and statistical contrasts used for more than one step mutations. Therefore due to the lack of available surname data for more than one step mutations, these variable sets were not included in the results.
Ancestral inferences based on mapping topological factors revealed relatedness in the results where clear distribution was shown for surnames in specific locales for the haplotype. These distributions of haplotype surname populations also corresponded to historical data concerning specific tribally linked regional and cultural histories, e.g. interactions with Romans and other key nations or cultures as they made claim to land. The samples studied from this haplotype surname population revealed history and cultural migrations, as follows in these data sets: 20% of the total of surname samples represented Scottish surnames with all results indicating population origin and distribution in the Argyle-Strathclyde region of Scotland; 50% of these samples also shared residential status in the same areas as the French and Spanish surname samples from the 17th to 20th centuries; 30% of the surname samples were Irish surnames with origins and residential status in Counties Mayo, Clare, and Waterford - historically there was a strong link between these results and the Kingdom of Leinster; 15% of the sampled surnames were French - 100% of all French samples showed consistent residential status for three centuries in Isere, Lorraine, Provence - Alpes - Cote d-Azur, Bouche du Rhone, Haute Alpes, Languedoc, Champagne, Haute Marne, Moselle, Meuse, and Ile de France (probable Western migration from North-West Spain in a fairly straight B-Line East); Mainland British surnames represented 10% of the sample and have a high percentage of origins and residencies in Devonshire, Somerset, Wiltshire, Gloucestershire, forming the ancient confederation of Damnonii lands, with the civitas of Exeter as one of the three ancient capitals of the Damnonii; Italian surnames were at 5% of the total, and shared residential status with the French and Spanish names in the areas east of the Rhone river, but were also found in Tuscany, with the population distribution concentrated mainly in Luccio/Lucca - Lamari and San Genaro respectively for the Tuscan surnames; 10% of the surnames sampled were of Spanish origin and show residency and origin mainly in Castile-Leon - Palencia and Toledo - some of the Spanish surnames also resided for three centuries in Ferenze in Tuscany and in all of the French surname distribution areas; Devonish samples did not appear to share the Rhone or Tuscan areas; 1% of all the sample surnames represented some Saarsland population distribution - showing the most northern distribution of what is a straight line running north along the east side of the Rhone river, through the Rhone-Alpes and the vastness of the ancient Kingdom of Bergundy. The central region of the Rhone Alpes is a very large valley where the Rhone and the Saone rivers share a confluence at Lyon. This is the wealthiest region in France, second only to Ile de France. The majority of the surname/haplotype matches in France were in Drome and Isere - the centre of Vocontii held territory from 600BC, according to Pliny. The Departments of Drome, Isere, Hautes Alpes, Vaucluse, and Alpes Maritimes indicate the vastness of the Vocontii lands - with Isere known as the Viennensis or -Wine Region- by the Romans. A small percentage of surname results were found in Norway - with the population distribution focused strongly in Troms (the Paris of the North), but also in Hedmark, Rogaland, Akeshus, and Finmark - of the two surname haplotypes originating in the far north, one is of Estonian (Aestii) origin - Kiil, meaning -Dragonfly- in the Estonian tongue. Originally the Aestii inhabited much of Estonia-s coastal region, and they spoke a language similar to the Gaelic language - as noted by Roman historians. 2% German surnames, include: Von Dittus - Baden - just west if Alsace in Rhineland - 80% mountains, fertile valleys - largest German wine producer; Scheffer - Hessen - just north west of Gaarland - Scheffer closely linked to feudal society, "steward" of the household. These regions were held by the Holy Roman Empire 1247AD -1264AD; Stipe surname is difficult to trace (?) This is hard evidence that the Kiely surname haplotype had distant genetic cousins occupying the fertile Rhineland areas of Baden amd Hessen from an early period of genetic migration (perhaps the wine grape growing and viticulture inherited from Kartvelian genetic cousins and originally from Noah himself. The Roman occupation of Alsace was from 58BC-44AD. The Holy Roman Empire rule was from 870AD- 1648AD - south of the East Rhone region to as far as Gaarland and further North East into the Rhine region. Possibly as far north as the Roman Empire had advanced - many Vocontii in the service of Rome and notable citizens, were fine cavalry men and officers. It is possible that Vocontians were posted by Rome in Alsace and also in Southern Holland during their tour of duty within the Ala Augustine Vocontorium - a Roman auxiliary cavalry unit establish under the auspice of Emperor Augustus.
Other surnames are added here as they are matched (Please note that non-paternal event surnames can represent 3% of surnames in a surname project). The surnames in the FTDNA database of the Group Administrator-s Page (GAP)is as follows (more will be added as they appear in the GAP):
McLeod - Isle of Lewis
Casey - Cork
McCauley - West Meath (Leinster)*note: MacCaulay - Isle of Lewis
Rix - Somerset (Devonshire)
Poveda - Valencia, Isle de France
Huff - Cheshire
McPherson - Inverness
McKillop - Argyllshire and Ireland
Johnston - ?
Colberg - Cheshire
Miller - ?
Woody - ?
Contreras - Castile - noble surname
Random Surname 12 allele matches - haplotype (some surnames may be non-paternal events, e.g. adoption and similar non-paternal events):
- Booker (2); Howes (2); Ray; Edmindson; Decker (2); Collada; Oshana; Brown; Nichols; Leyton; Jasso; New; Gambill; Magana; Bardot; La Passo; Andreoni; Payne; Perrill; Cameron (6); Grant (3); Moar; Doerr; Alcorn; Goudie; Douglass; Poe; Antichi; Slaughter (4); Boone; Broomell; Broomall; Maytorena; Sweet (3); Pickle; Overland; Day; Jeffrey; Gonzales; Reddick (2); Brink; Hayes; Hidalgo; Kiil; Murphy; Slucher; Silva; Lemos; Kinney; Stephens; La Roque; Lopez; Denton; McCallum; McKee; McElvoy; Pacini; Meillon; Plunkett; Spence; Santoyo; Glynn; Christy; de Souza; Menendez; Huber; Stewart (3); Panozzo; Fancher; Chapot; Ciccolilli; Leddy; Ramsey; McInnes; de Salazar; Olabarri; Mazzacavallo; Heinli; Kindig; McQuilken; Swift; Sonorio; Eekelen;Birt; Fox; Payne; Diamond; Slattum
CURRAN (Corrain, Corraine, etc..., County Waterford, also connected with the Monastery Alltraige Caille)
- DAY(aka Dea, O-Dea, O-Day from O-Deaghaidhe? Goddess? contrasted with Derg - red? First seated in County Clare)
- MURPHY (Murchada, -Sea Warrior-, County Wexford)
- MORROW (also Murchada, -Sea Warrior- seated in Leinster)
- McELROY(McGilroy,Mac Giolla Rua, Gilrea, McIlrea, County Clare, descending from Irial of Ulster?)
- FINNIE(Finnay, Finny Fynnie etcetera..., seated anciently in Galway, i.e. territories were found in Ballyfeeny and Roscommon)
- FINNEY(As Above)
- DECKER
- READ (Red, Ui Derg, a vasssal tribe to the Caille, i.e. Loch Derg on the Shannon)
- HAYES
-McHale (McCeile, McChaille, -son of Chaille- or -son of Caille-, County Mayo)
The said surnames featured in these results belong to individual surname bearers, who have at some time had a Y-Chromosome test made for them (e.g. 12 marker, 25 marker tests etc..). This means that these surname bearers matched the Kiely surname haplotype, but in no less way, another surname bearer with the same surname, may not match at all. Only the individual surnames in the GAP with >1 results are of major focus. This does not mean that any other similar surname is not related; and in no way is there any speculation concerning these other surname bearers. The facts in these results must speak scientifically for themselves, when corresponding matching historical data is applied en mass as either related or not related or for the sake of historical clarity are seen as non-paternal events (especially in the <1 results).
An example of this can also be seen in one resultant surname matching 12 to 12 STRs, while other results express a one step mutation away in one marker, e.g. McHale, one match with the ancestor being one Anthony McHale resident of Lahardane, County Mayo. The other four test results for single MacHale surname bearers revealed a one step mutation at marker STR490=11 and not the 10 in the haplotype match. This would suggest the single McHale haplotype match is either a one step mutation away from the other McHale haplotypes in the McHale DNA Project - or that these haplotypes are a one step mutation away from that single test sample. In any case the one step mutation reveals relatedness as a haplotype or probable relatedness. The surname MacCheille or MacCaille means son of Chaille. Chaille as a name can be translated to mean a -Veil- or (hood?) or of a deep forest?. The most probable translation is MacCeile, -son of the companion-, as used in County Mayo.
Results derived from >3 surname matches provide a more convincing haplotype match and make for easier mapping. Nevertheless the McHale surname was recorded as Mac Ceile in Mayo - more specifically in Killala - where the surname is linked to the church in the 11th century and the sept is found to produce erenaghs or heads of church offices and lands - the "two war birds" Cadhla and Maille as well described by O-Duggan were also erenaghs near the source of the Shannon on the Limerick side of the river. Mac Ceile is associated with the Barony of Tirawley by the 13th century. These territories correspond with Tir Namalgad and possibly Gamanrad bordering the territory of the Fir Domnainn - corresponding with the Dumnonii in Ireland. Tirawley is a barony bordering Erris - a territory name that is ancient regarding invasions, e.g. Tuatha de Danaan and the Fir Domnann (Irrus Domnand) may have first arrived on the west coast of Ireland as many scholars agree on. Although these appear to be poor lands, some marble was mined in Connemara.
The surname Caille, according to the Onomasticon Goedilicum is associated with the Crich an Chailli in Tirawley, and gives Mullaghnacross in Templemurray as the centre of Caille; Cinneada an Chaille is near Killala in the barony of Tirawley - and the Ui Bruinn are also associated with the Caille. Bally na Caille is in Kildysart - the Church of the Hermitage. Rafran Abbey is possibly associated with an Chaille through Ard Ua Canaind Caille Chonaill - though this is doubted by many scholars. In the Index of Celtic Elements caille as a noun means veil, like a forest veil; however, the cailledh corresponding with the noun caol, to mean slender is more fitting a personal name. The origin of the noun and possible personal name -caidh/Caidh- is unknown (?). It is from this point, we arrive at the distinction of surnames from an original source; both in their original meaning and in their migration; where the names can take feminine forms, i.e. Cadhla is more than likely the feminine form of the surname Chaille in County Clare and County Mayo, and would indicate the name bearer was beautiful - however, the masculine form of the same name would indicate -comely or handsome- the statant proper associated with a version of a Kiely blazon of arms indicates the Griffin with wings endorsed facing dexter - and is a female Griffin. This Griifn symbol once adorned the shields of the Caillaidhe clan, and has significance in Waterford. The coat-of-arms atop the mausoleum of John Keily/Kiely/Kelly of Dungarvan is a male griffin with spikes and not wings. This can be confusing, in as much, as the coat-of-arms is also used by the Kelly family, and the version of the Kiely coat-of-arms mentioned before this, was fashioned on the same design for Sir John Kelly of Devonshire, England. Some Kiely ancestors in Leinster, may very well have been known as Kelley or a variant of this in Gaelic form, however, no evidence has been brought forward to date. The Cailladhe clan may then have claimed the Kelly coat-of-arms at some point by subsuming the arms whilst retaining the statant proper or proper status of the clan. The MacMahons had done the same with the John Kelley coat-of-arms in County Clare, and placed their own Ostrich with Horseshoe award atop of the arms.
THE UI CHONAILL SUB-GROUPING -
Initially, there was a goal to validate or invalidate a relatedness through Y-DNA matching of the Kiely haplotype with those surnames and their Y-DNA results, said to be descendants of the Ui Chonaill Gabhra - as suggested by John O-Hart. Two Collins participants, two Kealy participants, and one Donovan participant were crucial for this analysis; having ancestors who were born and lived in areas in Ireland where it is historically speculated that these surnames have affiliations with the Munster tribes and/or the Milesian dynasties. Political strife and war is recorded as having removed the Collins and the Donovan clan from their original seats of power.
The first Collin-s result is as follows:
Mr. J. Collin-s
Family origin is Townland of Carberry in County Cork. His result is as follows:
Kit 68641 Collins R1b1, 13-24-14-10-12-14-12-12-11-13-13-29
For microsatelite frequency distribution, DYS390=24 is noted, along with DYS458=29.
The DYS385b=12 is a one step mutation difference from the Kiely haplotype on the same allele. This is also a fast moving marker. The marked difference is on a non-fast mutating marker; DYS389-1=11, difference by one count from the Kiely haplotype. Another difference to the Kiely haplotype in this sample result is DYS458=29; a one step difference to the Kiely haplotype. Finally DYS392=13; a one step diffrence. Definately not related, but share the same haplogroup of R1b1. This haplogroup is very dominant in Western Europe and the British Isles. In this instance, however, Mr. J. Collin-s haplotype suggests probable origins in the Baltic Sea region. The J.Collins results do not however have any relatedness to a common ancestor with the Kiely haplotype.
A preponderance of tribal affiliations, possibly once dominated the cultures of the Baltic Sea region. Haplotype matches in the database revealed that Mr. Collins ancestors originally journeyed westward from this region. Probable origins with such a preponderance of tribes in this result would be the Suevi (Suebi)and possibly with the Brigantii of Lake Constance - who moved to Galacia in Spain, where they overan the country in 438AD - first settling in North-West Spain in 409AD; however, were absorbed into the Visigoth culture in 457AD. This explains a resultant haplotype match in the Spanish name -Torres--; also along with a named Visigoth town - the Torres family surname origin can be traced to Castile. This is the only Spanish match, and the origin of the name is significant. Suevi independence was allowed until 585AD. Another branch of this Collins haplotype settled in Prussia (Elbe Germanics - origin near the Baltic Sea), where the surname match -Bernel- is found with an origin for the surname being the district of Brandenberg. In all the haplotype matches, the following statistics are encountered:
Only 28 matches for this haplotype - relatively minor number of matches:-
- 10 surnames are Anglo-Saxon - Suffolk; Middlesex (Middle Saxon); Sussex (South Saxon); Northumberland; Derbyshire; Kent; Shropshire; Cumberland; Yorkshire.
- 1 surname is Anglo-German and in the above areas of placement - Middlesex
- 1 Prussian
- 1 Visigoth
- 2 Irish surnames
- 3 Welsh surnames
- 4 Anglo-Norman surnames
- 1 Swiz surname
- 5 Scottish border surnames
Considering the Roman, Norman, and Saxon invasions of England - where many of these haplotype matches occur - it is fitting to also consider that Celtic peoples were already established in England and Scotland prior to these latter invasions. It is my guess that the haplotype matches for J. Collins are all Celtic R1b1 and are associated with the following:
Votadini - Iron Age period - South East Scotland and North East England - capital was Traprain. Brythonic Celts were settled by 800BC and could have been originally part of the larger tribal system (mixed peoples influenced mainly by Celtic and Greek culture). This group also invaded and conquered much of ancient Gaul. Here a connection is seen with the Gauls - also a confederation of soughts - and the subsequent invasions that followed in England, Scotland and Ireland - Anterior populations adopted the Roman suggestion; and Celts were often regarded as a later intrusive population(McLean 1840). Decline in the Celtic language usage is seen as the doctrine of exogamy explains: The Iberian and European populations had used multi-language systems and when Celtic language emerged in these regions, the polyglot was swept away. In Britain the new invader-s language was adopted along with new surnames - particularly when intermarriage occurred. An affinity with a new language is more apparent than a suggested forced decline through conflict. Mr. Collin-s patriarchal line is in no doubt then related to a large percentage of traditional Celtic speaking family surname bearers, where the language has affected the patrimonial genetic cousins(to use an FTDNA term), e.g. Hodges (3 matches)Anglo-Saxon surname - seated in Northumberland before the Norman invasion - as were the Hawkins family in Kent.
We also find the newly required use of Norman surnames taken on by this ancestral haplotype group, e.g. Sola family in Derbyshire, granted lands by William of Normandy; Harris of Derbyshire, granted lands by William of Normandy; Torney family, Lords of the Manor, Kinnersley in Shropshire. These examples reveal the adoption of Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-Norman surnames, beyond Celtic cultural origins.
The use of traditional language changes rather unanimously. One should note, that some surnames may be the result of a random acquired surname event, where a surname is acquired in history, and can be misleading when surname mapping occurs at a latter date. For this reason it is generally a good idea to use only multiple repeats of the same surname from the haplotype matches in the database or to only use multiple surname haplotype matches that are found in a specific region (and more specifically a province or town, county or state). In Mr. Collin-s results, repeated surnames, e.g. Hunter, Hodges and Hawkins are very effective for use as surname matches here. Surnames with origins in Derbyshire (England) and Ayrshire in Scotland repeat in the results enabling easier axis calculations.
Robert Hedges VIV (2007) speculated that the Saxon DYS390=22 repeats. A.A. Foster speculated that the peoples east of the Baltic Sea were not an homogenous population and had a high percentage of DYS390=25 as well as DYS390=24. The further west one samples of Y-STRs, the higher the percentage of DYS390=24 - in Connaught, Ireland, there is a near 100% DYS390=24 in the population of descendant males. This history is most interesting when determining surname histories. I linked the DSY390 - 25 repeats, as the R1a ancestral connection which can be validated with intense research.
Mr. J. Collin-s immediate ancestors were born and raised in country very near Carberry in County Cork. This country is the stated country of forced migration for the Collins family in historical documents; due to strong alliances with the Cairbre (Charioteer) Princes: the McCarthy Reagh. Cairbre is the original Gaelic place name for Carbery. The MacCarthy haplotype should be considered carefully as an influence - particularly if an R1b3 result is indicated regionally.
James Collin-s Great Grandfather - John Collins - was from the Skiberreen area of County Cork, in the Barony of Carbery (Cairbre-Charioteer). This would normally have one make a connection with the Collins family who descend from the O-Coilean of the Ui Chonaill Gabhra, due to the Ui Chonail Gabhra diaspora to this region of Ireland. A final analysis of the mapped haplotype data could possibly reveal a link to the Milesian pedigrees as a vassal clan - Ui Coilean; or indeed the Collins surname is popular in County Cork and elswhere in other Celtic regions - in Ireland and abroad. The relationship between the Cornovii, the Coriondii and the Milesian pedigrees must for now remain obscure. It should also be noted that the surname -Cullen- is a potentially related surname derived from the Gaelic O-Coilean.
The only two results for Irish family surnames - out of the 28 haplotype 12 marker matches - belong to these surnames:
1) Hanley
2) Freeman
First the Hanley match. According to professional genealogists, the Hanly surname variant without the (e), is found in Roscommon, Galway, Limerick, and Tipperary in Ireland as an original surname.
In the results the Hanley surname is seen potentially as a County Cork surname; where using the (e) in the surname is a distinction (Malone 2004). This is a comcomitant factor in the over all analysis of the haplotype distribution. The main reason for this, is due to the Freeman name being both a personal name and an imperative name - blessings and verbs added to the noun in the name: Free (born) Man; Freemans were granted land in County Cork by Richard de Clare in 1172, as a result of the -free born- policy.
A total of 60% of total variation of migratory genetic input has been considered in these results for all mapped haplotype frequencies - AMH+1 and 3.65+1 - up to 7.48% migratory or cultural genetic variation continues to reveal AMH as the dominant Y-Chromosone (Sykes & Irwen 2000). Celtic language use, declining in the mapped areas distracts from the results: Celtic language was a widespread spoken language in the British Isles and the European continent until the collapse of the Roman Empire. There were more obscure languages spoken in these regions prior to the use of the Celtic language. Celtic language was divided into two main groups: Brythonic or P-Celtic - Welsh, Breton, and Cornish/ and Q-Celtic, Irish, Scottish, and Manx speakers (Trask 1996). P-Celtic was spoken widely in Northern France prior to the 1st century A.D. where much of the matches in Mr. Collin-s results are to be found. This indicates that the Celtic haplotype migration corresponding to the occupation of the British Isles by this Collin-s results from the haplotype mapping are probably one of the following tribes - based on the surnames originating where these tribes are dominant; and using the the data for ancient surname matches established prior to Anglo-Saxon, and Norman invasions:
- Coriondii
- Brigantes
- Cornovii
- Votadinii
The surname results for J.Collins are surnames whose origin are found originating in the West Midlands of England, e.g. Shropshire and the South of Yorkshire. Drawing an axis out from a town in Shropshire where a genetic cousin-s surname originates, can show a migration potential to spread from that point centrally. The Celtic inhabitants of Shropshire in the West Midlands - bordering Wales and Yorkshire - are the Cornovii.
This tribe then also borders with the Brigante tribe. The axis lines drawn out from either of the Brigante or the Cornovii held lands, extend to South West Scotland (results for haplotype match with two Millers - the Miller surname originating in Dumphries, with another Miller - Sola revealing the Dumphries connection with Sola, and Anglo-Norman surname originating in Derbyshire), and Wales, where there are surnames originating from the results; the surname haplotype match, -Wynn- seated in Carnavanshire and Powell, seated in Breconshire. The Brigantes are named after hilltop dwellers - from the word Briga, meaning -hill top-. This could also mean those who dwell in hill forts (McElderry 1918). The Cornovii were also hilltop fort builders - their Ordovice neigbours were less sophisticated. This suggests a similar cultural economy to the Brigantes. Several other Celtic tribes were identified as Brigante: at Lake Constance in the Eastern Alps of Europe in Switzerland- Raetia; Brigantium is also a region in North West Spain. These Brigantes were P-Celtic -Brythonic- language speakers. According to Buxton (1933), the Brigantes dominated the entirety of what is known as Yorkshire in England, however, there are Cornovii burial sites in York. According to McLean (1878), the Cornovii also spoke P-Celtic and the -Cor- in the prefix for the noun Cornovii could mean descendants or children of a tribal group or those closely associated with the group. Cork(Couty)- Corca, is also likely to have a similar meaning in the context of the P-Celtic language. The Cornovii dominated Shropshire and also may have extended their borders into Wales and further north to South-Western Scotland.
P-Celtic Brythonic language - dominated as the language spoken in Gaul until the 1st century A.D.and both the Brigante and Cornovii are two tribal groups certainly linked to the J.Collins results as two tribal groups suggesting genetic cousin-s origins in the results - and therefore also Mr. Collin-s ancestral migration path. According to Ptolemy, the most southern reaches of the Brigante lands were Rigodunum and Camulodunum - Castleshaw and Slack respectively. During Roman occupation these were two of the Genounia of unknown territories (Hind 1977). The less protected Cornovii would have been a source of booty for the Brigantes who were always conflicting with the Romans in an unsteady relationship. The Cornovii were accepting of the Roman occupation, as the evidence is found in the Civitas Cornoviorum; a document found in tablet form - which once overhung the main entrance to a public building - in Viriconium (Wroxeter in England). The tablet was inscribed between 129A.D. and 130A.D. as a corporate act by the Cornovii to acknoweledge the then current Roman Emperor and also reveals the Romanized authority of the Cornovii to build a forum at Wroxeter (some of the walls surrounding the city were unfinished) - there was no distinction between Roman government and Native government at this time. This represented the 4th largest city in Britain at this time; a Chester linked municipium, where legionary bases once existed and had become regional market places.
The River Mersey is regarded as the tribal boundary between some Brigante septs and the Cornovii - some of these divisions were derived from Northern Gaul. Eponymous cohorts within the tribal groups are revealed moreso toward the end of Roman Britain in the 5th century A.D. when at this time native sovereigns begin their proper rule. Naming of places - particularly in east central Wales may represent a posthumous journey for the Cornovii, out of the Roman ashes (Chadwick 1955).
The nominal noun -Cornovii- could signify a horned people (possibly not literally as is speculated the descndants of Cain and the Kahns of Asia) - this is more than likely a Celtic warrior head dress - and this possibly helps to describe cultural similarities between the Cornovians - and their probable origins- with the people in Western and possibly Northern Gaul. The surname haplotype matches in the results for J.Collins certainly do indicate a strong connection with Northern and Western Gaul. In Ireland both surname samples were synonymous with County Cork - which encompasses much of Munster in ancient times.
According to O-Keefe (1703) Coileen of Kerry was the ggggg grandson of Caolluighe, son of Conall (a quo Ui Chonaill Gabhra). He also suggests that Coilean of the battle, is the gg grandson of Caolluighe, son of Conall. Coilean is Anglicised
Collins, however the meaning of the surname is rather obscure.
According to Atkinson (1924) - using the nominal noun Cornavii; as Ptolemy had done to describe a Scottish tribe - and linking this tribe to the Cornouailles Western Gaul - the Cornavii are a Shropshire tribe who travelled to West Gaul and were known as the Cornouailles there. It is intresting that the ancient capital of the Cornouailles was Viroconium - the same title first given to the city of Wroxeter under the Cornovii corporate authority.
According to Laoise T Moore et al. (2005), the SNP-dilineated haplogroup R1b3 represents 16.9% - 21.5% of the total population haplogroup frequency of North-West Ireland - very distinct from Irish Midlands, where the dominant haplogroup is R1b1. The correlation of Belgaec tribes settling in the East Coast of Ireland by the 2nd century A.D. certainly suggests a continuation of an homegonous celtic culture. Mr. Collins genetic cousins more than likely had a strong relationship with the descendants of Eoghan Mor - the Cairbre or Cairpre (charioteers) - four in number. By the 5th century the Eognacht were firmly established as a ruling order in Munster in the same century.
In Ireland, many invasions have occurred in ancient times. However, many surnames and local descent had been possible without much change in the detail. Recently, in colonial times, Ireland had been occupied by Anglo-Norman and other ethnic groups, where laws were established to confuse the details of identity in some ways. Mr. Collins result could, unintentionally, be from an historical perspective, a surname given by a very recent ancestor. The evidence in the results does show relatedness to two other County Cork surnames with histories dating back to pre-Norman and Norman occupation. This does suggest that the specific Collins surname ancestors in these results are long-term occupants of the county Cork, or indeed the Skiberreen area in County Cork.
Mitochondrial DNA -
HVR1 Haplogroup -K- (16,000 bp) - Member 51198 - her great grandmother - married to a Kiely in Waterford.
"An ni nach fios do na mnathan ceilidh iad" (Nicholson 1918, pg 33).
THE JOURNEY
The journey of the Kiely ancestors can be linked through historical records to Japeth - son of Noah - this places the Kiely ancestral genetic journey starting point (historically) in the Caucusus/Black Sea region. Results have been accumulating to explain historical ancestral data confirmed by genetic cousin-s surnames. The surnames had been traced to their origins so distribution mapping could give a true picture and analysis of origins both historically and be clearly evaluated through related blood lines - which can impact paradoxically on many theorized historical claims concerning family histories. Fortunately a well detailed historical account of Kiely surname haplotype ancestral links has permitted some of these histories to become signifiers of learning and revelation in DNA history; that works well with stories and most excellent poetry, which relates individuals in history with people of today. Therefore a summary of the DNA data and its historical connections can include a probable origin founded in scriptural stories and the legacy of ancient histories continued in a practical oral or written account.
Where broader populations pre-existed, the ancestral haplotype and historical data can be lost within an immensely difficult and complex paper trail - often with no historical documentation to act as a back-up. Many historians have often speculated about those histories to bring into focus theories that are based on educated speculations. Where the Kealy surname is used, there is little or no evidence to support an historical link between the Kiely and Kealy surname. This is only one example where the nomenclature is Anglicized at a point of time in hisstory, where a form of a surname has been popularized by an individual. The likelihood of the Kiely surname as having periods of nomenclature distinction has occurred in history, e.g. Cadhla in the 14th and 15th centuries; Caillaidhe a slightly older form or family ancestor to Cadhla than this; Caellaide is another variant of the same surname form. Evidence has suggested, -Caille- is possibly another Anglicised form of the ancestral surname for Kiely today - having ancient origins in what is now termed -Leinster- in Ireland. Many surname matches have been made between the Kiely surname and surnames associated with the Ui Chennselaig. The full impact of the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland was felt around 1190AD - and the displacement of many noble families in Leinster began around that time.
We find the surname Caoile being translated from the Book of Lismore, to describe an ancient Irish Barony (Trioch) north of Fermoy to the Blackwater River in County Cork. This geographical placement of the surname could be linked to the Caille family of Waterford. It is possible that the clan was driven South during the Southern Ui Niall invasion in the 4th and 5th centuries - probable Celts who arrived in Ireland about 200AD. According to Onomasticon Goedelicum, the -Caoille an Chosnamha- extends from the River Maigue towards Limerick City. The genetive nomenclature Caille, is found in specific localities: Crich an Caille in Tirawley (County Mayo) - where the descendants of the Caille are recorded (in the Onomasticon) as the Hy Derg and the Hy Aodha (Hugh or Hay - a genetic cousin). The Ui Mac Caille are given as a sept of the Ui Liathain by Wolfe, however, I believe this to be incorrect due to the fact that the Ui Liathain were invaders in Waterford and more than likely drove the Ui Caille south into Cork.
DNA results in this project give satisfactory evidence to support the theory that the Kiely family are descendants of the Gaels, and have genetic cousins whose ancestors were associated with the Dumnonii of Devonshire in Britain and the Scottish Highlands or were affiliated with or as the same peoples. The Laigin were established in Leinster in very ancient times. The Ui Chennselaig (Kinsella) are associated as a major family in the Laigin or Leister held territories - where the Dumnonii are said to have settled anciently. Fir Domnann (men of Domnan or Dumnon) are also Dumnonii and settled in Erris (which encompasses the barony of Tirawley in County Mayo). Further evidence gives clues to the links as follows: The Morrow surname (from Murchada - a genetic cousin) appears to have survived as a genetic cousin in the territory of the Ui Chennsellaig, along with the Murphy (a genetic cousin) surname from which it sprang - these two major surnames were linked to the Ui Chennselaig territory in County Waterford, where the Kiely family were seated in ancient times.
In contrast, the Kealy surname is more than likely of the original form of Ceallaigh. The Kealy results have three 12 marker matches (haplotype) with a Kelly; a Kelley; and a Keeley. The Kealy haplotype is identical with the Niall Modal Haplotype. All of the surnames associated with the Kealy result have surnames originating in Counties Donnegal; Longford; Tyrone; Cavan; Leitrim; Galway (more recently); Laois; Kilkenny; Waterford and other regions more recently. These regions are anciently associated with the Norther Ui Neill septs. The test result for Kealy is of the R1b1c7 and contains the Niall Modal Haplotype as an exact match. This Kealy particpant can trace his male family line from Galway (probably near the border of the old Kings County; and from there to a town in north Kilkenny. The matching Kealy test result - given margin for error in testing process or a mutation - has male family lines within County Laois - and a grand father born in Athy near the Kildare border.
In the 5th Century AD the Northern Ui Neill established themselves in Scotland (which they called Alba)- hebridean coastline and mid lowlands (midlothian). All of the Scottish DNA surname matches with the Kealy result were of Dalriadan origin and found originally in the said settled areas. These were a Brythonic speaking people with links (as the test results suggest) with families in Normandie; Bretagne; Aquitane; and Limousin. No other matches were found geographically for the ancient patrinomy of the surname matches on mainland Europe.
Within the FTDNA database there is a Kelley test result: A descendant of Darby Kelley b. 1705 in Connemara, Ireland. Given that the movement of families are slow in this period, one may assume long term occupation of Connemara by the Kelley family. The comparison of this result with the Kiely Haplotype is a one marker mismatch at DYS391 - 11. Cadhla is a name given for a King in Connemara and in O-Heerin-s topographical poem, a clan that are -war birds-(watchers) at the mouth of the river Shannon; also translated to be Kiely. It would seem there is a possibility that Kelley is a variant of the Kiely surname or it is certainly a related branch of the ancestral genetic tree at some stage. The one repeat difference at DYS391 could be explained as it having a compound microsatelite that contains more than one type of repeat - > 11 or < 11 - in as much as even at this slow moving marker, an homogenous repeat is not entirely significant. Gains of one repeat have been noted in father/son studies and the reason given is that an allele is longer when gains are made - the cause is thought to be connected with the age of the father at conception. Given this fact, there is all probability that the Kiely family and the Kelley family in Connemara are related - however this is only one branch of an ancestral genetic haplotype amidst thousands of Kelley/Kelly results in the database having a specific regional connotation. Nevertheless the match does raise some questions about surname variants and the precise historical period for the surname creation, or for the use of a given surname as a variant of the Kiely surname that has a use in specific regions and historical periods for the Kiely family. There were > 3 matches for Kelly and one match for Keely in the Kealy matching results pages.
SNP TESTING
Results from -U- series testing for positive SNPs in the R1b1c9 and R1b1c10 haplogroups were applied to test results for an unambiguous representative of the Kiely haplotype - test results were negative for both haplogroups, R1b1c9 and R1b1c10, but positive for SNP M269 - -R1b1c-.
Although M269 can be interpreted as an isolated paragroup in Ireland - it is not a specific Germanic or Nordic SNP. The above result tests negative for SNPs: S21, S26, S28, S29, and S68. Thought to be a minor percentage in the Irish population, the SNP M269 represents 80% of all R1b tests for the continent - with the highest percentage of results focussed in Iberia, and the British Isles.
Thomas Krahn et. al. (2008) found that by using central samples for SNP M269, both patterns for rs9785659 and rs9786283 existed. The split can be seen in most males with an M343 marker, having an P25 and M269 SNP similtaneously. It is more popularly held that M269 defines more precisely the R1b (Atlantic Modal Haplogroup), and although SNP M222 SNP defines a sub-group of this Modal Haplogroup as R1b1c7 or the -Ui Neill/Niall of Nine Hostages- Haplotype; this haplogroup only reaches very high frequencies in Ireland-s North-West - and not in the regions where the M269 has the higher frequency, i.e. Iberian Penninsula, Scotland, Britain etcetra..
This suggests that Northern and Southern Ui Neill invasions of specific regions in Ireland - Leinster most notably and also Devon in Britain - were unsuccessful, and the SNP is/was not dominant or prevalent. This further suggests a distinction or cultural bias in the results regarding cultural affiliation with the peoples invaded. The SNP M222 proves very positive for the North-West of Ireland; however, it was also found that not all surnames claiming descent form Niall of the Nine Hostages (an M222 SNP cultural icon)tested positive for the M222 SNP (McEwen 2006). The M222 SNP is one of many haplogroups originating from a continental movement across Europe - findings in this project suggest a very strong link to a core tribal group who like the surnames as personal descriptive names, suggest a high frequency of persons born with white hair. This tribe is known as -Cymbri- or Cimbri (C. Rawlinson 1877, pg. 153)- and they are noted by Rawlinson (among many other quotes) as being described as a white haired race (ibid). Other results show surname origin in the regions occupied by the Cymbri on the Continent of Europe - and some links to Wales (who like the Cybri are mainly Brythonic Gaelic speakers - along with the Gauls generally. According to William Betham (1834), language does not necessarily connote one who is of the Celtic race or culturally Celtae. Cultural affiliations and influences may indicate Celtic origin, however, according to Betham, the Cimbri are not Celts but of the Germanic races. If Niall of the Nine Hostages was of these peoples; it is certain that his affiliation with Gauls (not the Gaels of southern and eastern France) was cultural and ancestral (even ritually affiliated) - on one such visit, Niall was killed in vengeance for the slaying of a much loved Leinster Prince.
CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION
Why do we as individuals seek out our roots? How important is this to our sense of identity? Perhaps the answer to this is reflected in the words of Master Kan - a fictional (but true to life) character in the television series Kung Fu (Ep.2, Season 1, 11th November 1972, Director Jerry Thorpe), Kwai Chang Cain begins the dialogue, "Master..of man-s roots, which is the stronger?" -- MASTER KAN, "It is a Shaolin belief that the paternal line controls" -- CAIN "what is a man without roots?" -- KAN, "What is a tree without roots (?)..the deeper into the earth the roots reach, the stronger the tree" -- CAIN, "...one half of myself (is) an emptiness..a mystery" -- KAN, "Seek to discover it then; for it is this thread which holds you to the past, and binds you to the future; to fix your place for all time in eternity". In the same episode, Master Po speaks this to Cain, "It is said the leaf honors the tree; yet if the leaf falls, the tree trembles. The present is rooted in the past; it is true, from these roots we draw nourishment and strength". Actor, Philp Ahn, could speak from his patriarchal Korean roots through Master Kan; a Confusion patriarchal belief that it is the duty of all first born males to produce a male heir (Chung 2006). Sadly (but joyfully), Ahn did not produce a male heir, but rather adopted a son -- Peter Ahn (Lee).
With all respects, the Kiely Surname Project seeked to form a strong link with a descent from Adam - a popular genealogical theory published by many Irish historians and genealogists, e.g. John O-Hart.
The use of the word -identity- is not used ubiquitously to essentially refer to a race in context to a paternal ancestor, or indeed a maternal ancestor - which is how many of us are termed -bi-racial-. I believe to reference identity in the context of the culture of our forbearers within specific social categories and social movements has been necessary to achieve conclusive evidence of the Kiely ancestral origins back to the original progenitor, Adam. Links from the research to identify those social structures and movements, developed an intended internal verification of identity in the context of the relationship between self and scoiety (Stryker 2000).
In the Kiely Surname Project, the conceptual framework of the haplotype is shared in the context of a shared biological inheritance. Our differences in social behavior from having different DNA is not explored in this project; however, patterns of social and political fact linked to our haplotype and haplogroup are explored - not completely ruling out a sense of ancestral inheritance or influences in one-s identity. By relating these differences and similarities historically gives us a model of structural relationships representing culture (cultural values and practices) and its relationship to self as a sociological movement or progression embedded within our ancestral interactions with others.
Our Kiely surname is linked to ruling families who appear to be empowered as such since the time of Japhet and his descendant-s blessing to rule over nations and peoples. That is to say, most - if not all - of the surnames matched as identical haplotypes (more than one or two names with specific surname origins) are of high to very high standing throughout the history of those surnames - with consistency to the present day. The legacy of Japhet is a starting point at one end of the research, and the Kiely surname in the free world and in its Irish origins at the other was also a starting point from which to explore the ancestral connections (where the two points meet on a cultural and historical scale) - afterall this is a surname project that relied on mostly links to surnames and their histories. Nevertheless, science in this project has reinforced and reproduced these historical and cultural facts though haplotype mapping and the obvious dovetailed movements of the Kiely genetic cousins originating from the same ancestor. By tracing these maps carefully, patterns matching historical records linked to ancient ancestors began to emerge with overwhelming strength. It soon became obvious that this was not a study in population genetics based on allele frequencies or genotype sequenced frequencies; but rather haplotype gene flows relative to genetic shift matched with the variance of allele frequency across time as a specific sub-population, race, or core culture.
Our Kiely ancestral descent lines and that of the many other haplotypes (of other non-related groups) revealed two types of coalescents: 1) political and social conflict - hence territorial disputes and alliances; 2) the coalescence of our own ancestral movement and that of our genetic cousins (cognizantly and cognately linked to ancient historical records), e.g. Gaels - Dumnonii, Vocontii (initially).
Long-term history essentially observes and clarifies the identity of coalesent ancestral lines from a common ancestor. Inferences are sometimes necessary - only to be confirmed when more surnames are added to the database and the origins of those surnames, as well as their histories explored. One can use a simple coalescent process showing two lines in each generation from a single ancestor:
1/2N (Kingman 1982)
Capelli (2003) studied comparisons in genetic variation between groups of people in the British Isles and those who lived on the continent of Europe. He found that the Y-chromosome signatures of the European group were also found throughout the British Isles. Genetic variation is extensive. Wilson (2003) found genetic evidence for different male and female roles during the cultural transitions in the British Isles. In particular Wilson-s study had focussed on the movements of Basque and Celtic peoples. The Basque people claim descent from Tubal, son of Japhet, son of Noah. The Basque are notably M269 SNP - the R1b1b2 Haplogroup - like the Kiely participants in this project. A Kiely 12/12 match with an -Oshana- result is critical evidence for the haplotype we share having been in the region where Noah and his people settled - this region is anciently called -Arartu-; and it has been also known as modern Armenia and also had been the subject of Assyrian, Turkish, and Russian invasion.
Closer to the Kiely surname analysis of DNA results found in this project, is the work of Brian Sykes and Catherine Irven (2000) - a study of the distribution of male Y-chromosome haplotypes in the "United Kingdom" [sic, pg. 1417]. Sykes used his own surname in the research as a study of a paternal name and its Y-DNA. In the Kiely Surname Project, the distributions of surnames were used from the analysis of Birth and Death records, and land registration. Sykes had used electoral records to find living Sykes populations and most probably earlier Sykes ancestors. The living Sykes were tested for their Y-DNA and and matched. What Sykes found, was the Sykes surname had "several origins in Yorkshire" (ibid), and the larger percentage of samples having the same haplotype. As in the Kiely Surname Project, Sykes had found little divergence of the Sykes haplotype for over 700 years. In the Kiely Surname Project there was a problem identifying the exact Anglicized form of the Kiely surname throughout historical registration. There was of course confusion over the Kealy surname being a branch of the Kiely surname or another form of the same name.
There is evidence that a great flood - also known as the Great Deluge - came upon the earth. This terrible event was recorded by nearly all of the world's peoples as a catastrophic event which occurred due to wickedness occurring in the world. In many of the records of the world - written in stone and in clay; or passed down through an oral tradition - we find the story being repeated in the: Akkadian Atraharsis Epic; The Gilgamesh Epic; The Book of Genesis; The Book of Enoch; The Tale of Kenan; the Chinese Shiying; the Myth of Khun; The Matsya Purana; Batak traditions; Australian Indigenous Dreamtime (oral tradition) as the New South Wales story of Pelican; Greek Ducalion; the Nordic Tale Jormandigr; The Lebor Gabhala Errain; the Inca Tale of Viricocha and the Pachakuti - the flood story is universal.
Many of the survivors are said to have sealed themselves in caves or floated in sealed vessels (with instructions of survival). The Chinese story of Nuwa is interesting - she is a Goddess who repairs the sky after the flood and creates humans to repopulate the earth. This story is interesting, due to the many continental tribes of peoples who claim descent from a Goddess as her own children, e.g. the Tuatha De Danann (children of the Goddess Dana). In Peru we find the Inca God Viricocha and the Cina Pacha Cuti version of a flood event, along with the evidence of flooding as high as 13,000 feet above sea level at Tiahuanica. Here the remains of the Kalasasaya and the Puma Punku ruins - one mile away - can be found. It was proven that six feet of mud residue covered much of the ruins at one point. There are also ruins of human civilization found below the surface of the sea, off the coast of Peru, and in Columbia - 15 to 20 meters below the surface in fact. There are megalithic ruins off the Yucatan Peninsula at Tulum and off the coast of Cuba at Cabao de San Antonio at between 1,800 feet to 22,000 feet below the ocean surface. In this project, evidence accumulated to present that the Kiely haplotype is in direct descent from the Adamic race and that of a sea faring people whose language and pedigree differs from that of others, but not without regard of how close the relationship with other peoples came about (as proposed facts permitted).
The Kiely descent from the Biblical Adam begins with the verse - When God created man, he made him in the likeness of God. He created them male and female and blessed them. And when they were created, he called them man (Genesis 5:1-2). What follows in this chapter of the Bible (NIV) is a genealogy of Adam-s descendants through the son Seth, whom is made the likeness of Adam - being sinful in nature. Nevertheless, God blessed the seventh in line from Adam; whose name is Enoch - Enoch walked with God 300 years and had other sons and daughters (Genesis 5:22). God was so fond of Enoch, he took him away (into heaven). Unlike the fate of previous sinful generations, Enoch found favor with God, and did not die. Noah also found favor with God. When Noah was born in the line of Seth, he took away the curse of the toil of laboring with the ground (the curse placed on Adam). In chapter six we learn of the Nephilim who are the illegitimate progeny of angels and the daughters of men. Men-s wickedness began to increase on the earth through his heart and mind, and it grieved the Lord, and so he planned to flood the earth and destroy this wickedness and evil.
Noah was a righteous man, blameless among the people of his time, and he walked with God. Noah had three sons: Shem, Ham, and Japheth (Genesis 6:9-11). At this stage the earth was so corrupt and violent through man-s own devices that he intended to destroy man and then advised Noah to build an ark - 450 feet long, 75 feet wide, and 45 feet high. Everything on the earth was to perish. God established a salvation covenant with Noah and his descendants, but the remainder of mankind perished (Genesis 7:20-23). It is stated that all of the maritime peoples spread out into their territories by their clans within their nations, each with his own language (Genesis 10:5) from the descendants of Japheth, son of Noah. When Noah-s Ark came to rest on the 17th of the seventh month on the mountains of Ararat (Genesis 8:4). The word mountains signifies a region, of which many scholars believe to be the southern region of Urartu (Jeremiah 51:27, Isaiah 37:38) - east of modern day Turkey and the furthest reach of Iran, also known as Armenia anciently. Nevertheless Urartu was a Kingdom unto itself.
The lost kingdom of Aratta is mentioned in the earliest Sumerian epics and located within the Miyandoab Plain to the south west of Lake Urmia in greater Armenia (Rohl 1998). It would seem that a flood occurred here in 5500 BC with character descriptions of a man known as Utmash as a type of Noah figure. Evidence suggests a civilization flourishing in the Tassili mountains in 6000 BC Jones 1997) followed by a period known as the Ubaid perios - 5500 BC to 4000 BC. H.F.B. Lynch (1901) suggests that Transcaucasia south of the main chain of the Uratian mountains are the Suram mountains which form a ridge 1525 to 1830 meters. The greater Caucasus to the west is the Kion basin an emerged bed of the Black Sea. East of Suram are the valleys of the Kura and Arak rivers coming down from the Armenian plateau. Ranges along the periphery ring parallel to the Caucasus rise from 7000 to 8000 feet. The isolated mount Ararat rises above the plateau to 14,000 feet. The valley of Corub spills into the Black Sea. There are wide passes north and south of Caucasus, e.g. the Tush and Upper Svanetia glens. Eastern Georgians in the Caucasus are known as Kartlians and Meskhians - they moved into the kura Valley between 700 BC and 500 BC. This valley is the middle valley of the Eastern Georgian range of the Trancaucasus. Kartlo-Meskhians occupied a greater area when Tubal and Meschek (Meskhoi and Tibarenoi tribes) represented these peoples ancestors. Tubal is thought to be Tbeli or the - Lake Dweller. Perhaps a reference to the lake district of Upper Kura. Mittani is the word for mountains in the Georgian language.
Armenians call themselves Hai-kh when their movements were correlated with the Meskhians and the Iberians into the Kura Valley. According to W.E.D. Allen (1942) Urartu and Armenia are synonymous as a region and Iron was produced in Armenia by the Chalybes who called the region Urtu. Prior to this Bronze had been produced there by the Sumerians. Prior to the establishment of Babylon, the Chalybes also produced steel. Copper was already in great supply from Cyrus - but also from the district of Chalkis, south of Aleppo. When the name of Tubal came to the Hittite Empire, so it brought Iron into Palestine.
Tubal as a name then became known as - forger of Bronze and Iron by the Hebrews. The Ninurta of Armenia was proclaimed as the - Lord of Iron (Albright 1988). Assyrian inscriptions claim that Mesckech and Tubal were minor kingships. In the same inscriptions Gomer is synonymous with the Gimirra and in the Greek inscriptions, the Kimmera - possibly a reference to Gamir or modern Gurum. Madai in the Assyrian text is identified as Manda and to the Greeks as Medes. Umman Manda means - the Horde and associated with northern invasions. Javan is associated with the Ionian Greeks in 1300 BC and Cilicia. Scythians (descendants of Magog?) on the other hand were allies of the Assyrians. during the time of Herodotus 1st.
Our interest turns in this project to Tubal, son of Gomer and the Tibareni of the Black Sea, south of Asia Minor - where attacks on the Hittit Empire, Northern Syria and Egypt occurs in the early 13th Century BC. Meschek attacks from Phyrgia in central Anatolia. At this time the ancient Armenians did not mint coins prior to 95 BC - the Scots and many peoples sea peoples associated with those born of Scota (meaning, in the line of Scota. i.e. descending directly from the great Goddess - Isis) did not mint coins initially either.
Mesheck and Tubal are known as trading nations states and enemies of the Assyrian nation who join with the Arartians in a was against Assyria during the reign of Sargon 2nd. Amorites are depicted in ancient Egyptian monuments as a blond race who are related to the Mitannians of Mesopotamia who move to the mountain regions of Asia Minor. This would appear to be a different people to the figure of the Assyrian. Nevertheless, the people of Urartu are an admixture of peoples and mainly influenced by Hurrians at this stage. Their capitol is Tushpa on Lake Van. Assyrians fought long wars with the Urartians and also protected their borders from far northern invaders crossing the Transcaucasian mountains. Cimmerians invaded Urartu in 707 BC - possibly through the pass of Darial.
The Mannai (possibly Hurrians) were also threatened by Cimmerian invasion at Lake Urmia - east of Lake Van.
The surname - haplotype - match result from the project linked with this region is that A.L. Oshana. His father Isaac Oshana was born in Urmia in 1895 - now northern Iran. The Oshana family history may be linked in part to that of only 10,000 (estimated) Assyrian and Armenian Christians found in this region. The Tkhouma tribe were also converted and inhabited narrow mountain valleys in the region and were answerable to a council patriarch known as a Malik (Bryce 1916) as part of the Assyrian Empire now merged within the Ottoman Empire as an Easter Administration. Kurdish landlords (Aghas) taxed this part of the region to the point of starvation. Massacres at the hands of Badir Khan Bey (a Kurdish Chief) in 1843 and the valleys of the district were stained with the blood of the Tiari (Rev. E. Bliss 1896). Badir Kahn Bey also massacred Tkhouma Christians (Leyard 1840).
Tiglath Pileser - an Assyrian war lord - had expelled Arartians in 745 BC from their region, and yet the people of Aramea toady are called Syrian Christians. Professor Muhammed Shamsaddin (2003) asks why the Arameans (Armenians) call themselves Assyrians? Assyrians descended from Shem and settled mainly in Akkad - their numbers dwindling dramatically in 609 BC - along with their language. Assyrian simply means inhabitant of Assyria or Syria - as does Syrian. The names may be known as Assyrian names, however, this may not always be the case. The surnames in the Lake Urmia and Lake Van regions may also have originated from Chaldean language or Aramaic language. The rulers of Arartu itself can only be traced to 900 BC - - all inscriptions before this date were destroyed in the ruins of Arartu, by the Assyrian invaders. The last known ruler was Lutipini father of Sarduri. The ancient inhabitants of Lake Van were known as the Nairi from 1300 BC to 1000 BC. Lake Urmia is a salt lake - Urmia in the Syrian language means - City of Water. The Armenians call Lake Urmia -- Lake Gabod. It once formed part of the upper Nairi Sea and was once the centre of the Mannean civilization before this.
So how is the Oshana surname held in regard by the people of Iran and the Urmia region? Doctor Sargon Bet Oshana (1927-1988) was elected as an Assyrian and a Chaldean to the first legislature under the Islamic republic - he came from a respected and accomplished family - seemingly typical traits in the surnames analyzed in this project. His elder brother was General Philip Bet Oshana (1921-1976)- and he was the highest ranking Assyrian in the Iranian military at the time of his service (Eden Naby, Middle East Review of International Affirs, Vol. 10, No. 4, Dec. 2006). This family came from Geogtapa - a small town south east of Urmia (Urmiyah) - an important Assyrian cultural center. In 1886, a translation of Genesis was published from the work of Qasha Oshana of the College of Urmia - both he and his wife Sara died in 1915 during the troubles in Urmia (Dr. Heleen Murre-Van den Berg, date unknown). Given this information, either this is a branch of the line of Shem related to the line of Japheth - or this is a family with military prowess and powerful distinction descended from the line of Japheth - and related directly in haplotype to our the Kiely ancestral haplotype from Japheth or his immediate descendants. This in itself fulfills the prophesy in either case of - May God extend the territory of Japheth, may Japheth live in the tents of Shem (Assyrian patriarch), and may Canaan be his slave (Genesis 9:26). The descendants of Canaan were initially Caucasian when they were cursed, and any racially darker descendants may also have been enslaved - this however does not justify the enslavement of all colored people by Caucasian people, or suggest that all colored people descend from Ham or are cursed. Any commentaries on Genesis chapters made by Dr. Qasha Oshana would prove to be very interesting reading indeed - and his fate, that of his wife Sara and many others in the Urmia region seems such a great loss and a very seriously wrongful human tragedy - nevertheless, these events happened nearly a century ago and one should not dwell too much on them.
According to Cengis Cinnioglu et. al. (2003) the land of Turkey is somewhat of a recipient of many different haplogroups and also becomes in time a source of many haplogroups. J2, G1, and L haplogroups show an affinity with the south Caucasus populations, with G2 increasing toward Europe from Turkey, and the dominant E3b3 and J2 Anatolian haplogroups decreasing in frequency toward the north generally. Nevertheless, the haplogroup identifiable with the Kiely group of samples - R1b3 - branches out from Turkey toward the South East of Europe and the Caucasus. This signifies that Turkey (northern) was a recipient of the R1b3 haplogroup in ancient times - the Kartvelian language came to N. Turkey 2000 BC to 3000 BC, and continues to be spoken there (by an estimated 50,000 people). The Kartvelian language is of course the language of the modern Georgian
people who claim Kartlos - the great grandson of Japheth and son of Targamos - as their progenitor. Targamos was the third son of Gomer. The R1b3 haplogroup is common among the Basque population of modern Spain, who claim descent from Tubal, son of Gomer, and King of the Tiberini of the Black Sea region who attacked Hittites and Egyptians in the 13th Century BC. The R1b3 haplogroup has then found a primary flow source in Turkey over some thousands of years, and this fact also warrants a further assessment of the earlier movement of the Iberian R1b3 flows and their latter movements into the modern Spain, known then as Iberia also. A clue may be found in the fact that Iberians were also known collectively as Tiberians, but more significantly, as the Daoeni people. Not much clue to this haplogroup flow can be given in the reorganizing of the lands of Iberia by the tribes who settled there; however, there is a significant pattern of surname distribution in specific culturally identified regions of Spain, to suggest descent from a common ancestor. The coalescence also provides evidence of migration on the continent as well.
This can be a somewhat confusing task when two distinctly different cultural groups seemingly exist within the same haplogroup. Thomas Krahn et. al. (2008) found that central samples can differ in their SNP patterns, but can exist simultaneously within a more downstream SNP, e.g. where R-M269 defines the group belonging to the R1b group, but where the group also test positive for SNP M222 and defines a the group as a downstream R1b1c7 group as a subgroup of R1b, rather than a unique continental group in its own right. Where the group M269 defines R1b1c, now known as R1b3 - 80% of people in the Western part of the world of the Atlantic border region can belong to this group. Nevertheless, there are five distinct regions for haplogroups in Europe alone, and this can not justify the 80% summary to classify the majority of the M269 group. The Atlantic Modal Haplotype however, reaches its highest frequencies in the Iberian peninsula and then Great Britain and Ireland. However, it is also difficult to determine a dominant haplogroup, given the predominance of specific cultural groups. One thing proven in this project, was that although SNP M222 tests very positive in the Northwest of Ireland revealing the original point of entry for this group and for the movement of the Ui Neill from that point of entry - as McEwen (2006) found - the M222 SNP in fact tests more positively in North West Ireland than in any other region of the world. It is generally through the use of the Gaelic language on the Continent, Britain, Scotland and Ireland, that all Gaelic speakers were considered Celts. The use of language nearly homogenized the entirety of the lands where Gaelic was spoken. William Betham (1834) suggested that the Cimbri were a Germanic people and were not Celtic people. He also suggested that the Welsh were also of the Germanic race. All Gaelic speakers were considered Celts, however, when the Cimbri expanded their industries of salt mining and iron smelting toward the Atlantic region, even the Romans could see that these people were culturally homogenous as a group. When the Cimbri eventually came to Ireland, they more than likely did so as an invasion of Ireland through a North-West corridor, and had no affiliation with most of the peoples who were settled there, centuries before. The term Celtic - along with all of its romanticism - was claimed to be an invention by one Edward Lhyal in 1707 AD, to describe a common language group. The difference between the Kiely ancestors and the continental celtic was seen in the use of a P/Q classification scheme. The pronunciation of -P- in the Brythonic/Continental Celtic tongue becomes -K- in the Goidelic or Gaelic tongue - designated as Q-Celtic or insular Celtic language - distinguishing the descendants of Scota's son Gaoideal or the Gael, from the continental Celts. Nevertheless, the distinction of language harks back to an earlier time, and other extinct language - God had confused the tongues of the people after the fall of Babel. When the Scot/Gaels reached the shores of Ireland from Spain (Brigantium) they spoke with the people there in their own tongue, or the Druids were multilingual and spoke ceremoniously at the point of contact. The Fir Dhomnann or men of the descendants of Dohmnu - or indeed worshippers of the Goddess Domnu were worshiping a principal Fomorian Goddess - and must have spoken their tongue. The Errainn further south in Ireland worshipped Eriu the daughter of Ernmas of the Tuatha De Danann, and must have known their language. According to Donna Rosenberg (1994, pg. 264), Eriu, the Goddess - spoke - to the children of Milidh (Scots/Gaels) on their arrival in Ireland on May 1st, - I Am the Goddess Eriu...and this land hears my name. I welcome you to this island. You will find none better between the setting sun and the rising sun. It will belong to you and to those of your race who come after you as long as mortals walk the Earth. May you honor me by calling this land Eriu or Ireland. The druid Amerghin of the Fair Knee, agreed to honor the Goddess; however, Donn, son of Milidh, protested in favor of honoring his own Gods. A battle is then said to have occurred and Scota - Queen of Iberia, and direct descendant of the Goddess Isis - was killed, along with many others who made than voyage. Ireland was taken from the Tuatha De Danann eventually, and the honor of the Goddess Eriu was made in the naming of the island - sometimes known as the Isle of Destiny - or Innis Fail.
Interests in precious metals and metal industry was very much dominating interest for maritime the descendants of Japheth - who traded many precious cargoes and explored and settled many mountainous regions and rich fertile valleys. Given this, it could be suggested that regional affiliation between less sophisticated tribes, and the more sophisticated newcomers to their land, was one of mutual cultural interests and common goals. Usually this meant doing battle with a common oppressive enemy and the freeing of entire peoples from slavery. In the far North of the world, where R1b is also found along with the genetic haplotype of the family Kiely, there are also cultural relationships which through religious elements of culture and mutual respect of culture, sustained lengthy peace and prosperity, until hostile invaders arrived. When considering that the Gaels and the tribes with which they shared land and custom, had no minted coins - it is reasonable to say the absence of money corresponded to a low frequency of evil - in as much as those who came later with money systems of tenure and common laws which disinherited many of the world's people, certainly had a love of money and power over others, which is stated in the scripture - People who want to get rich fall into temptation and a trap and into many foolish and harmful desires that plunge men into ruin and destruction. For the love of money is a root of all kinds of evil (1 Timothy 6:9-10).
*According to Geoffrey Keating - A History of Ireland - Cathaior Mor is the recognized progenitor of the nobles of Leinster and Ossory.
Noe (Noah) b. Japhet b. Magog b. Baath b. Feinius Farsaidh b. Niul b. Gaeodheal Glas b. Easrin b. Sru b. Eibhear Scot b. Beodhaman b. Ogaman b. Tat b. Aghnon b. Laimhfionn b. Eibhear Gluinfhionn b. Eibric Glas b. Neanul b. Nuadha b. Ealloit b. Earchaidh b. Deaghaidh b. Bratha b. Breoghan b. Bile b. Galamh called Milidh of Spain b. Eireamhon (born in the great Tower of Brigantia) b. Irial Faidh b. Ethrial b. Follach b. Tighearmhas b. Eanbhoth b. Smiorghull b. Fiachaidh Labhruinne b. Olmucaidh b. Aonghus b. Maon b. Roitheachtaigh b. Dian b. Siorna Saoglach b. Oilill Olchaion b. Giallchaidh b. Fionn Faill b. Nuadha b. Aodhan Glas b. Simeon Breac b. Muireadh Bolgrach b. Fiach Tolgrach b. Duach Tolgrach b. Eochaidh Buadach b. Ughaine Mor b. Laoghaire Lorc b. Oilill Aine b. Labraidh Loingreach b.Oilill Bracain b. Aonghus Ollamh b. Breasal Breodhamhan b. Fearghus Fortamhail b. Feidhlimidh Foirthriun b. Criomhthann Coserach b. Mogh Airt b. Art b. Ealloit b. Nuadha Fullon b. Fearadhach Foghlas b. Oilill Glas b. Fiachaidh Foibhric b. Breasal Breac 12th great grandfather of Cathaoir Mor - from Breasal Breac comes our own Kiely patrilineal descent - Breasal Breac b. Connla (possibly from Connlaoi, meaning - chaste fire).
Breasal Breac gave his two sons land and territory - Connla the land west of the Bearbha (Barrow River) to the Suir River) - and this is territory within the present day Kingdom of Ossory. Lughaidh - the other son - recieved the territory east of the Bearbha (Barrow River)- Wexford etc. According to Scholars at the Hall of Names (certificate 943320-12.11 H-22598, 1994) the Kiely family were first seated in Waterford, Ireland (once part of the Kingdom of Ossory) and - conjecturally descended from the kings and gentry of Ossory, the progenitor of which was Conla, the second son of Breasal Breac, King of Leinster.
The poet John O-Duggan makes the distinction between the Kiely lands (also Anglicized Caillaidhe and on occasions Caelaidhe) and the Kealy lands as follows: - O-Ceallaigh is chief lord of the Ui-Maine, but over the great Conmaicne-mara rules O-Cadhla (?). O-Duggan mentions the O-Ceallaigh of the River Leghe-s eastern bank of dells and yews, and also as lords over the Magh Drachtan and Gailine in the Southern Ui Neill territory. The rivers there were very rich in salmon, according to O-Duggan. Ancient maps reveal the Ua Caellaidhe as lords of Ui Berchain or the Ibercon - a territory well within the princedom of the Ui Chensellaig (all genetic cousins or branch surname matches in this project) and in the Barony of Ida (it means -over the Bearbha-) and is also known as Ibercon - now known as Rosbercon on the West bank of the Barrow River (Onomasticon Goedelicum 2008). In particular maps often show the O-Dea lands as being immediately south (neighbors) of the ancient Kiely lands on the River Barrow. Ui Be