Project News
As of July 8, 2007 there are obvious Haplogroups that have formed. Familytree DNA says the following concerning Haplogroups and the subgroups called Haplotypes:
(Please note that people in different Haplogroups cannot be related within many thousands of years, and that each male test result provides a prediction of the Haplogroup currently about 90% of the time.)
26 of our participants are of the Haplogroup R1. Spencer Wells, author of the book DEEP ANCESTRY states the following:
Members of the Haplogroup R1 are descendants of Europe’s first large scale human settlers. Their lineage is defined by Y-chromosome marker M173, which shares a westward journey of M207-carrying, central Asian steppe hunters. The descendants of M173 arrived in Europe around 35,000 years ago and immediately began to make their own dramatic mark on the continent. Soon after their arrival, the era of the Neandertals came to a close. Smarter, more resourceful human descendants of M173 likely outcompeted Neadertals for scarce ice age resources and brought on their ultimate demise.
The long journey of this lineage was further shaped by the preponderance of ice at this time. Humans were forced to southern refugia in Spain, Italy, and the Balkans. Years later, as the ice retreated, they moved northward out of these isolated refugia and left and enduring, concentrated trail of the M173 marker in their wake. Today, for example, the marker’s frequency remains very high in Spain and the British Isles where it was carried by M173 descendants who had weathered the last ice age in the Iberian refugium.
R1a is represented by a single individual – kit number 70769 Harry Alvin Horn desc. from Lewis Horn b abt 1875 Germany.
R1b is the most represented and the following kits fall into a group or subgroup of this Haplotype:
83411 R1b1 James M Horn desc. from Christopher Horn b 1725
(no matches)
80112 R1b1 Charles Horn desc. from Charles Horn
(no matches)
70736 R1b1 Walter Ray Horn
N3188 R1b1c Jeffrey William Horn
(both claim descendency from Jesse Horn b 1783 in PA and match 12/12)
35480 R1b1 Stephen R Horn desc. from Sivender Horn
37875 R1b1 Horace Clinton Horn desc from Jesse Horn b 1700’s)
42017 R1b1 Terry Horn desc from William Horn b 1690's
82123 R1b1 Jerry Alton Horn desc from James Horn b 1802
86353 R1b1 Kenneth Horn desc from Elijah Horn b 1740
The Following group is the largest and comprises descendants of Richard Horn b 1716 as follows:
74138 R1b1 Ken Horn desc. from Richard Horn
N20876 R1b1 Stephen Keith Horn desc. from Ephraim Horn b 1734
51199 R1b1 Thomas Earl Horn desc from desc. from Joseph Horn b 1812 TN
59068 R1b1 Billy Joe Horne desc. from Matthew Horn b 1826
27959 R1b1 Jerry L Horn desc. from Lawrence Horn
30811 R1b1 Darrell Horn desc. from William Horn b 1768 NC
30912 R1b1 Billy Euell Horn desc. from Richard Horn b 1716
36125 R1b1 Robert Lester Horn desc. from Richard Canon Horn b 1791 NC
30492 R1b1 James Thomas Horn desc. from Sherod Horn b 1760
(the first 8 match 12/12, the last matches 24/25 and 2 of them 59068 and 51199 match 66/67 making the association of Joseph and Matthew Horn overwhelmingly compelling)
42154 R1b Thomas V Horn desc. from Thomas B Horn b abt 1777
27243 R1b1c Timothy Horn desc. from Joshua Horn b abt 1796 NC
(both match 12/12)
36458 R1B1 Frederick Delano Horn desc. from Frederick Horn b 1780 England
(no matches)
81465 R1b1 Allen Lee Horn desc. from Tom Horn b 1874 KY
(no matches)
36106 R1b1 Mike J Horne desc. from Thomas Horn 1720 VA
(no matches)
30506 R1b1 Bobby Gene Horn desc. from Sherod Horn 1789 TN
(no matches)
81343 R1b1 J Gary Horne desc. from Nicholas Horn b 1814 TN
(no matches)
The next largest Haplogroup is the I Group. 12 individuals match this Haplogroup. Spencer Wells, author of the book, DEEP ANCESTRY states the following concerning this Haplogroup:
Ancestors of this group were part of the M89 Middle Eastern clan that continued to migrate northwest into the Balkans and eventually spread into central Europe. These people may have been responsible for bringing the Gravettian culture to western Europe about 21,000 to 28,000 years ago.
Named for the site in La Gravette, France, Gravettian culture represented new technological and artistic phase in western Europe. Archeologists discovered sets of tools different from the preceding era (Aurignacian culture). These stone tools had a distinctive, small pointed blade, which humans used to hunt big game. Gravettian culture is also known for voluptuous carvings of big-bellied females often dubbed “Venus” figures. The small, frequently hand-sized sculptures appear to be of pregnant women and may have served as fertility icons, or emblems conferring protection of some sort, or may have represented goddesses. These early European ancestors used communal hunting techniques, created shell jewelry, and used mammoth bones to build their homes. Recent findings suggest that they may have discovered how to weave clothing using natural fibers as early as 25,000 years ago. Earlier estimates had placed weaving at about the same time as the emergence of agriculture, around 10,000 years ago.
The most recent common ancestor, the lman who gave rise to marker M170, was born about 25,000 years ago. His descendants were later forced into the isolated refuge areas during the last blast of the ice age in the Balkans and Iberia. as the ice sheets covering much of Europe began to retreat, his descendants likely played a central role in recolonizing central and northern Europe.
N20178 I Bryan Clinton Horn desc. from Henry Horn
32627 I Ethelred Horn desc. from Henry Horn b 1716 NC
58745 I John Long Horne desc. from Henry Horn b 1805 NC
32569 I Robert Gordon Horn desc. from Henry Horn b 1716
(they all match 12/12 and 3 of them match 25/25 and 37/37. 2 match 61/61 with the
other matching 60/61)
81805 I1a Lance Cameron Horne desc. from Robert Horn b 1723 MA
(no matches)
40024 I1b Carl Laddie Horn desc. from Christopher Horn b 1725
(no matches)
39331 I Thomas Horn desc. from William Horn b 1830 TN
39172 I James Horn desc. from James Horn 1818 Ohio
45656 I Willard Horn desc. from Thomas Horn 1725 MD
(2/3 match 25/25 and another 2 match 35/36)
N45247 I Leslie Victor Horn desc. from Joseph Henry Horn b 1835 Eng
(no matches)
N43433 I Jens Horn desc. from Hermann Horn 1848 Germany
(no matches)
27246 I Rick Edward Horn desc. from Charles Horn
(no matches)
Lastly, the final Haplogroup type in our Horn clan is the Haplogroup J. 3 of the Horns are from subsets of the J Haplogroup. Spencer Wells, author of the book DEEP ANCESTRY states the following concerning this Haplogroup:
The patriarch of the haplogroup J was born around 15,000 years ago in the fertile crescent, a region today that includes Israel, the West Bank, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and Iraq. Today the M304 marker appears at its highest frequencies in the Middle East, North Africa, and Ethiopia. In Europe, it is seen only in the Mediterranean region. The early farming successes of the J lineages spawned population booms and encouraged migration throughout much of the Mediterranean world. In fact, both Haplogroup J and its subgroup J2 and found at a combined frequency of around 30 percent among Jewish individuals.
78194 J1 Stephen Lee Horn desc. from
85986 J2 Bruce Rubenstein desc. from Hezla Horn b 1755 Poland
64030 J2e1 Wolfgang Horn desc. from Phillip Horn
(None of these match close enough to consider with the closest still missing by 2 of 12 markers making a common recent ancestor unlikely)
MTDNA Results are as follows:
81343
J. Gary Horne H 192T,519C
40024
Laddie (ladd) Carl Horn H 354T,519C 263G,309.1C,315.1C
27243
Timothy Ray Horn H6a 129A,519C 263G,309.1C,309.2C,315.1C
64030
Mr. Wolfgang G. Horn J* 069T,126C,222T,519C 73G,185A,188G,228A,263G,295T,309.1C,315.1C,462T,489C
78194
Stephen Lee Horn N1b 145A,176A,223T,390A,519C
37718
Rebecca Naomi Wynn- Thill U* 192T,311C 73G,150T,263G,309.1C,315.1C
30811
Darrell Horn U1a 129A,183C,189C,249C,288C,362C
N3188
Jeffry William Horn U5a1a 256T,270T,362C,399G 73G,185A,189G,204C,263G,309.1C,309.2C,315.1C
Spencer Wells author of the book DEEP ANCESTRY says the following for these Haplogroups:
Haplogroup H
As humans began to repopulate western Europe after the ice age, by far the most frequent mitochondrial lineage carried by these expanding groups was Haplogroup H, which came to dominate the European female landscape.
Today haplogroup H comprises 40 to 60 percent of the gene pool of most European populations. In Rome and Athens, for example, H is found in about 40 percent of the entire population, and it exhibits similar frequencies throughout western Europe. Moving eastward the frequencies of H gradually decrease, illustrating the migratory path these settlers followed as they left the Iberian Peninsula after the ice sheets had receded. Haplogroup H is found at around 25 percent in Turkey and around 20 percent in the Caucasus Mountains.
While Haplogroup H is considered the western European lineage due to its high frequency there, it is also found much further east. Today it comprises around 20 percent of southwest Asian lineages, about 15 percent of people living in central Asia, and around 5 percent in northern Asia.
Importantly, the age of haplogroup H lineages differs quite substantially between those seen in the West compared with those found in the East. In Europe its age is estimated at 10,000 to 15,000 years old, and while H made it into Europe substantially earlier (30,000 years ago), reduced population sizes resulting from the ice age significantly reduced its diversity there, and thus its estimated age. In Central and East Asia, however, it age is estimated at around 30,000 years old, meaning the lineage made it into those areas during some of the earlier migrations out of the Near East.
Haplogroup J
This group of individuals also descended from a woman in the R branch of the tree. The divergent genetic lineage that constitutes Haplogroup J indicates that she lived sometime around 40,000 years ago. Haplogroup J has a very wide distribution, and is present as far east as the Indus Valley bordering India and Pakistan, and as far south as the Arabian Peninsula. It is also common in eastern and northern Europe. Although this haplogroup was present during the early and middle Upper Paleolithic, J is largely considered one of the main genetic signatures of the Neolithic expansions.
While groups of hunter-gatherers and subsistence fishermen had been occupying much of Eurasia for tens of thousands of years, around 10,000 years ago a group of modern humans living in the Fertile Crescent (the present-day eastern Turkey and northern Syria) began domesticating the plants, nuts, and seeds they had been collecting. What resulted were the world’s first agriculturalists, and theis new cultural era is typically referred to as the Neolithic.
Groups of individuals able to support larger populations with this reliable food source began migrating out of the Middle East, bringing their new technology with them. By then, humans had already settled much of the surrounding areas, but this new agricultural technology proved too successful to ignore, and the surrounding groups quickly copied these new immigrants. Agriculture was quickly and widely adopted, but the lineages carried by these Neolithic expansions are found today at low frequencies.
Haplogroup J has greater diversity in the Near East than in Europe, indicating a homeland for J’s most recent common ancestor around the Levant, a coastal region in Lebanon. It reaches its highest frequency in Arabia, comprising around 25 percent of the Bedouin and Yemeni. But genetic evidence indicates that the higher incidence is more reflective of low population sizes or the occurrence of a founder event than this region actually being the geograophic origin of the haplogroup J.
Haplogroup N
Haplogroup N, like M, is one of two groups that descend directly from Haplogroup L3. The first of these groups, M, made up the first great wave of human migration to leave Africa. The second great wave, also of L3 individuals, moved north rather than east and left the African continent across the Sinai Peninsula. Faced with the harsh desert conditions of the Sahara, these people likely followed the Nile basin, which would have proved a reliable water and food supply in spite of the surrounding desert and its frequent sandstorms. Descendants of the migrants eventually formed the haplogroup N.
Early members of this group lived in the eastern Mediterranean region and western Asia, where they likely coexisted for a time with other hominids such as Neandertals. Excavations in Israel’s Kebara Cave (Mount Carmel) have unearthed Neandertal skeletons as recent as 60,000 years old, indicating that there was both geographic and temporal overlap of these two hominids.
Some members bearing mutations specific to haplogroup N formed many groups of their own which went on to populate much of the rest of the globe. These descendants are found throughout Asia, Europe, India, and the Americas. However, because almost all of the mitochondrial lineages found in the Near East and Europe descend from N, it is considered a western Eurasian haplogroup.
After several thousand years in the Near East, member of this group began moving into unexplored nearby territories, following large migrating game herds across vast plains. These groups broke into several directions and made their way into territories surrounding the Near East. Today, descendants of haplogroup N individuals who headed west are prevalent in Turkey and the eastern Mediterranean; they are found farther east in parts of central Asia and the Indus Valley of Pakistan and India. And members of the haplogroup who headed north out of the Levant across the Caucasus Mountains have remained in southeastern Europe and the Balkans. Importantly, descendants of these people eventually went on to populate the rest of Europe, and today comprise the most frequent mitochondrial lineages found there.
Haplogroup U
Because of the great genetic diversity found in haplogroup U, it is likely that it developed around 50,000 years ago. The very old age of haplogroup U and its subgroups has led to a wide distribution; today they habor specific European, northern African, and Indian components, and are found in Arabia, the northern Caucasus Mountains, and throughout the Near East.
While some members headed north into Scandinavia, or south into North Africa, most haplogroup U individuals come from a group that moved northward out of the Near East. These women crossed the rugged Caucasus Mountains and moved on to the steppes of the Black Sea. From there, they continued west until they reached the grasslands near the present-day Baltic states and western Eurasia. This region became their home base for further movements north and west. Today Haplogroup U members are found in Europe and the eastern Mediterranean at frequencies of almost 7 percent of the population.