Haplogroup F, defined by mutations M89, P14, and M213, is the direct ancestor of haplogroups G, H, IJ, and K, and through K the ancestor of haplogroups L-T (formerly K2). Thus approximately 90% of the male population carry the mutations that define haplogroup F, though an individual is not considered to be in haplogroup F unless he also tests negative for mutations that define the haplogoups descended from F. For those who test with FTDNA, men with the following set of results are assigned to haplogropup F: M89+ P14+ M201- M304- M69- M9- P19-. Originally it was believed all M89+ men would be found to belong to F descendant haplogroups G-T, but an increasing number of men have continued to test positive only for the mutation that defines F. Though there are small direct subclades of F, including F1, F2, F3 and F4, few men have been tested for their defining mutations. The Geographical Relationship of Macro-Haplogroup F to its Descendant Haplogroups

When the results for certain Y-DNA tests began to be returned from the Lab designated as belonging to haplogroup F or F*, there was a great amount of skepticism as to whether these results were indeed F, or in fact whether F (xGHIJK) actually existed. Much of this opinion centered on the fact the few results designated as F usually showed great similarities to modal haplotypes of other haplogroups (usually G,I or J), while sharing few similarities with each other. And indeed, as it turns out, many of these initial Fs did in fact turn out be members of other haplogroups. This issue was discussed in detail by Whit Athey in the following article: http://www.jogg.info/12/Pitfalls.pdf But since this article was published, more F has been reported, and these remaining haplotypes have shown a level of affinity that suggest they do indeed belong in the same haplogroup. Currently, a partial list of surnames with either confirmed or predicted F results would include the following: BERRY (1), BOYT/BOYETT(E) (30), BOND (8), BROWN (2), BUURSINK (1), JIMENEZ (1), (2), LAZAR (1), PHELPS (1), BUTLER (1), COE (2), CLARKE (2), CRAWFORD (1), FISHER (1), GARTH (1), GIESSEL (1), HEIDA (1), KEUNING (1), LARSEN (1), LEWIS (1), MALLETT (2), OFFLEY (3), OVERSTREET (1), REGENBURGH (1), REEVES (2), ROOT (1), ROSE (1), SADLE (1), SHARP (4), SLAGLE (1),TOLLIVER (2), TOWNSEND (1), WRIGHT (1), and YOCKEL (1) Most of the haplotypes represented by these surnames are fairly close matches, and display several common characteristics, including a typical 17-17 or 18-18 pattern at YCA II (a)(b). Among known or predicted Fs are the following counties of paternal origin: Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, England, France, Germany, Ireland, Netherlands, Poland, Scotland, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland and Wales. Displaying Users with Haplogroup F at YSearch.org In addition, there are 6 additional haplotypes at Ysearch labeled as F or F* - J5TUC, 49SYZ (PILLAI), N64772 (FERNANDES), D8H9M, F769Q and 97RA8, which do not match as closely with the other F haplotypes. This suggests that they may belong to another haplogroup, or at least a different subclade of F from the others. It is interesting to note that 5 of these haplotypes indicate origin in South Asia, a fact which tends to cast doubt on the view that F in Europe is the result of imperial era contact with the subcontinent. Of course, further testing should help resolve many of these questions. Web Counter

* Haplogroups in green have been confirmed by SNP testing. Haplogroups in red have been predicted by Family Tree DNA based on unambiguous results in the individual's personal page. This has been placed on this GAP page for your ease and convenience. Please note that for any predicted results we see no reason for ordering a SNP test to confirm the Haplogroup. if a – is in the HAPLO field then we feel that the comparative results are not clear and unambiguous and if the kit holder wants to know their SNP with 100% confidence they may consider ordering a SNP confirmation test.

Haplogroup F, defined by mutations M89, P14, and M213, is the direct ancestor of haplogroups G, H, IJ, and K, and through K the ancestor of haplogroups L-T (formerly K2). Thus approximately 90% of the male population carry the mutations that define haplogroup F, though an individual is not considered to be in haplogroup F unless he also tests negative for mutations that define the haplogoups descended from F. For those who test with FTDNA, men with the following set of results are assigned to haplogropup F: M89+ P14+ M201- M304- M69- M9- P19-. Originally it was believed all M89+ men would be found to belong to F descendant haplogroups G-T, but an increasing number of men have continued to test positive only for the mutation that defines F. Though there are small direct subclades of F, including F1, F2, F3 and F4, few men have been tested for their defining mutations. The Geographical Relationship of Macro-Haplogroup F to its Descendant Haplogroups

When the results for certain Y-DNA tests began to be returned from the Lab designated as belonging to haplogroup F or F*, there was a great amount of skepticism as to whether these results were indeed F, or in fact whether F (xGHIJK) actually existed. Much of this opinion centered on the fact the few results designated as F usually showed great similarities to modal haplotypes of other haplogroups (usually G,I or J), while sharing few similarities with each other. And indeed, as it turns out, many of these initial Fs did in fact turn out be members of other haplogroups. This issue was discussed in detail by Whit Athey in the following article: http://www.jogg.info/12/Pitfalls.pdf But since this article was published, more F has been reported, and these remaining haplotypes have shown a level of affinity that suggest they do indeed belong in the same haplogroup. Currently, a partial list of surnames with either confirmed or predicted F results would include the following: BERRY (1), BOYT/BOYETT(E) (30), BOND (8), BROWN (2), BUURSINK (1), JIMENEZ (1), (2), LAZAR (1), PHELPS (1), BUTLER (1), COE (2), CLARKE (2), CRAWFORD (1), FISHER (1), GARTH (1), GIESSEL (1), HEIDA (1), KEUNING (1), LARSEN (1), LEWIS (1), MALLETT (2), OFFLEY (3), OVERSTREET (1), REGENBURGH (1), REEVES (2), ROOT (1), ROSE (1), SADLE (1), SHARP (4), SLAGLE (1),TOLLIVER (2), TOWNSEND (1), WRIGHT (1), and YOCKEL (1) Most of the haplotypes represented by these surnames are fairly close matches, and display several common characteristics, including a typical 17-17 or 18-18 pattern at YCA II (a)(b). Among known or predicted Fs are the following counties of paternal origin: Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, England, France, Germany, Ireland, Netherlands, Poland, Scotland, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland and Wales. Displaying Users with Haplogroup F at YSearch.org In addition, there are 6 additional haplotypes at Ysearch labeled as F or F* - J5TUC, 49SYZ (PILLAI), N64772 (FERNANDES), D8H9M, F769Q and 97RA8, which do not match as closely with the other F haplotypes. This suggests that they may belong to another haplogroup, or at least a different subclade of F from the others. It is interesting to note that 5 of these haplotypes indicate origin in South Asia, a fact which tends to cast doubt on the view that F in Europe is the result of imperial era contact with the subcontinent. Of course, further testing should help resolve many of these questions. Web Counter

* Haplogroups in green have been confirmed by SNP testing. Haplogroups in red have been predicted by Family Tree DNA based on unambiguous results in the individual's personal page. This has been placed on this GAP page for your ease and convenience. Please note that for any predicted results we see no reason for ordering a SNP test to confirm the Haplogroup. if a – is in the HAPLO field then we feel that the comparative results are not clear and unambiguous and if the kit holder wants to know their SNP with 100% confidence they may consider ordering a SNP confirmation test.