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Group Administrator: Dra Ana &. Sheri Children Of Mother Africa ChildrenofAfrica.DNAProject@gmail.com
Group General Fund: 08/10/06 - Denise L. Clarke donation in memory of Emma Black....$100
08/10/06 - Total available....$100
08/14/06 - Anonymous donation....$20
08/14/06 - Total available....$120
09/26/06 - DNA Haplo Gear donation....$40
09/26/06 - Total available....$160
09/26/06 - Grisette Marcos donation....$25
09/26/06 - Total available....$185
12/27/06 - Kit N20004....($20)
12/27/06 - Total available....$165
01/08/08 - Kit 19942....($49)
01/08/08 - Total available....$116
06/23/08 - Fannie Linder donation....$500
06/23/08 - Total available....$616
| Project Background:
The African DNA Project
The "Children of Mother Africa"
Africa
The Mysterious Continent, a Kaleidoscope of Peoples, a Mosaic of Nations, a Cacophony of languages, Art, Culture, Music, Beauty
The Cradle of Civilization
Quick Synopsis
Approximately 1.6 to 5.3 million YBP (years before present) a hominid species, Australopithecus walked upright in Africa. "Lucy" is the most famous of these known to us. Somewhere in Sub Saharan Africa, she and others of her kind were antecedents to the first Homo species, Homo Habilis. 250,000 to 1.6 million years ago on the dark continent, Homo Erectus discovers fire and finds his way out of Africa to Europe and Asia. Around 400,000 YBP in Africa, Homo Sapiens, the ancestor of modern man walks onto the stage of humanity and history is forever changed.
"Despite the presence of H. erectus outside of Africa, the archaelogical and genetic data concur that H. sapiens only arose in Africa". 1
It is circa 200,000 years ago in East Africa that "Mitochondrial Eve" is born, lives, struggles and survives all adversity, becoming the genetic ancestral mother of us all. Remarkably, from only this one maternal survivor, her female descendants known as Haplogroups L1, L2 and L3, bearing their own signature mutations, spread and populate a continent, concentrating in specific areas. It is through L3, the "Out of Africa Eve" and her own descendants bearing their signature mutations, that expansion occurs and the rest of the world is populated.
Similarly, but at a period of approximately 60,000 YBP, another survivor, yDNA Adam becomes the paternal ancestor of all men. Like his counterpart Haplogroup L3, his descendant Eurasian Adam or M168, ventures out of Africa and the rest is history.
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We come now full circle, through the science of genetic genealogy, as the "Children of Mother Africa", descendants whose ancestors have, until now, been thought to be lost to them forever. Colonization, the Trans Atlantic Triangle, slavery, the Door of No Return, the Middle Passage, disrupted families, and the cultural upheaval of the past are historical facts we cannot change.
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Trans-Atlantic exports by region 1650-1900
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Region % Number of slaves accounted for
Senegambia...........4.7%..........479,900
Upper Guinea........4.0%..........411,200
Windward Coast....1.8%..........183,200
Gold Coast..........10.1%.......1,035,600
Bight of Benin.....19.7%.......2,016,200
Bight of Biafra.....4.3%........1,463,700
West Central........40.8%.......4,179,500
South East.............4.6%...........470,900
Total................. 100.0%.......10,240,200
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Data derived from tables 1.1, 3.2, 3.4, 4.1 and 7.4 as presented in: Transformations in Slavery by Paul E. Lovejoy Cambridge University Press, 2000, ISBN 0-521-78430-1
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Projected Exports of that Portion of the French and English Slave Trade Having Identifiable Regions of Coast Origin in Africa, 1711-1810.
Senegambia (Senegal-Gambia) ......... * 5.8%
Sierra Leone ...................................... * 3.4%
Windward Coast (Ivory Coast) .......... * 12.1%
Gold Coast (Ghana)............................ * 14.4%
Bight of Benin (Nigeria).................. * 14.5
Bight of Biafra (Nigeria).................... * 25.1%
Central and Southeast Africa (Cameroon-N. Angola).......*24.7%
DEFINITIONS
SENEGAMBIA:
Wolof, Mandingo, Malinke, Bambara, Papel, Limba, Bola, Balante, Serer, Fula, Tucolor
SIERRA LEONE: Temne, Mende, Kisi, Goree, Kru.
WINDWARD COAST (including Liberia):
Baoule, Vai, De, Gola (Gullah), Bassa, Grebo
GOLD COAST:
Ewe, Ga, Fante, Ashante, Twi, Brong
BIGHT OF BENIN & BIGHT OF BIAFRA combined: Yoruba, Nupe, Benin, Dahomean (Fon), Edo-Bini, Allada, Efik, Lbibio, Ljaw, Lbani, Lgbo (Calabar)
CENTRAL & SOUTHEAST AFRICA:
BaKongo, MaLimbo, Ndungo, BaMbo, BaLimbe, BaDongo, Luba, Loanga, Ovimbundu, Cabinda, Pembe, Imbangala, Mbundu, BaNdulunda
Other possible "Ancestral Groups":
Fulani, Tuareg, Dialonke, Massina, Dogon, Songhay, Jekri, Jukun, Domaa, Tallensi, Mossi, Nzima, Akwamu, Egba, Fang, and Ge.
**************************************************Source: Philip Curtin, The Atlantic Slave Trade, (1969), p. 221.
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[* The countries in parentheses are approximations to help one find the location on a present day modern map]
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A special comment on the island of Madagascar and the Virgina, USA region:
From the period 1719 through 1721, 1200+ slaves arrived from St. Mary's Island in Madagascar to the Virginia, USA area. (See Virginia Platt [William and Mary Journal, 1969] and David Eltis et al [The Slave Trade Database]. These Malagasy slaves are listed in the accounts of John Baylor of Williamsburg and the data is freely accessible at the University of Virginia library. With the passage of time, free Malagasy immigrants who were generally sailors or individuals connected to the missionary societies of the period, also arrived to this region. Should your most distant ancestor be from the Virginia area and surroundings, it may be an invaluable resource to consider.
[The above information re Madacasgacar provided courtesy of Dr. Wendy Wilson Fall, PHD, Africanist, Pan African Studies, Kent State University]
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Ours will be a diverse group of individuals both culturally and historically. Although most of our African ancestors had no choice in leaving their birthplace and homeland, theirs is a heritage which is rich and diverse and lives on in us. Though we cannot put a face, name or even a year to when our African ancestors walked this earth, we can and have come together as a group to attmpt to trace the origins of our own DNA to mother Africa. However, please note that it is as yet NOT possible to say definitively to which specific tribe one may belong to with just HVR1 and HVR2 alone due to the extensive migratory practices of the different tribes in Africa, and specifically the well known Bantu migrations. A high frequency of a particular Haplogroup L mtDNA may suggest origin but the true origin may actually be elsewhere on the African continent.
Some of us may speak English, French, Spanish or even other languages. Some of us may have African ancestors in only our paternal or maternal lines, others in both. We are of all colors.
Whether we come from Africa, North America, South America, the Caribbean, Canada, the United Kingdom, France or any other place where the African children of Mitochondrial Eve and yAdam have spread, we know we share a common bond ....... for ours are the most ancient genetic lines of all.
Join us in this unique effort to bring them back together and help others to connect to their lost roots.
Many individuals who have had DNA testing, do not belong to projects and may even have forgotten that they tested if they were one of the first to send away for a kit 3-5 years ago. If you have exact HVR1 or HVR1 + HVR2 matches on your matches list, inform them of the project. They might have been discouraged when they could not find more information about their sequences.
If you do not wish to participate as an African DNA Project member but wish to donate to the project fund so that we may help others complete their yDNA sequences or mtDNA, please, click on the donation button on the menu on the left side of this page or click here. Every penny counts. The administrators of this project all volunteer their time. They receive no remuneration from this project. We thank you for your support. You will be donating to a wonderful cause.
We welcome all FTDNA participants, National Genographic and Dr. Gates' AfricanDNA members with African Ancestry in either paternal or maternal DNA.
Our project has its own domain and website, The African DNA Project and it is is now live.
Please, visit us.
DNA Collection Method
The collection of a DNA sample may sound like a rather daunting process - however it is a very simple and painless procedure which is excellently explained by Dave Dorsey's step by step photographic guide to the whole process. The link will open a new window. Close it to return to this site. DNA Collection Method
See the new DNA HaploBracelets at DNAHaploGear . A contribution from the sale of any bracelet purchased by any African DNA Project member will be made to the African DNA Project Donation fund.
Counters
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.5 License.
The Administrators of the African DNA Project, "Children of Mother Africa" | Family Tree DNA - Genealogy by Genetics, Ltd.
World Headquarters
1445 North Loop West, Suite 820 Houston, Texas 77008, USA
Phone: (713) 868-1438 | Fax: (832) 201-7147
Contact Us
All Contents Copyright 2001-2004 Genealogy by Genetics, Ltd.
Project Background, Goals, Results and News are copyright of the specific Surname Project Project Goals: Like many other individuals searching for that ancestor behind the brick wall of genealogy, we are no different. However, our walls have been many, success for some has been little, often dead ends with no hope and no light at the end of any tunnel. At times, it has seemed that finding any information about that elusive ancestor from not so long ago is an insurmountable task. Until now.
As we ourselves know how daunting it can be to all of a sudden be faced with a meaningless bunch of markers or numbers and letters that suddenly say that you belong to this or that Haplogroup, our goals are:
1) To help you find that meaning and to help others find a direction when they receive their DNA results
2) To communicate and share our knowledge
3) To see our project create a purpose other than just curiosity (Thanks Sherri)
4) To diminish the intimidation and uneasiness some may feel when DNA testing
5) To connect with relatives who hold that other piece of our own puzzle
6) To find YOU somewhere out there who holds the key to the common link to a region or area where our ancestors may have once lived
7) To help provide articles, literature and other resources to assist others to further understand genetic genealogy
8) To promote the importance of sharing and participating in projects such as ours
Finally, our biggest and most important goal is to eventually have a public database repository for all those whose mtDNA or yDNA points to mother Africa.
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Becoming Human
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MAPS and IMAGES OF AFRICA - Yahoo!
MAPS and IMAGES OF AFRICA - Google
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Search for Articles related to African DNA Haplogroups by entering "African mtDNA" or African yDNA below
PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.5 License.
The Administrators of the African DNA Project, "Children of Mother Africa" | Family Tree DNA - Genealogy by Genetics, Ltd.
World Headquarters
1445 North Loop West, Suite 820 Houston, Texas 77008, USA
Phone: (713) 868-1438 | Fax: (832) 201-7147
Contact Us
All Contents Copyright 2001-2004 Genealogy by Genetics, Ltd.
Project Background, Goals, Results and News are copyright of the specific Surname Project Project News: The African DNA Project- the "Children of Mother Africa"
Project Launched: May 30, 2006
Administrator - Dr. Ana Oquendo Pabón, MD (L1c1a)
Co Administrator - Sherylita Mason-Calhoun (L3e2*)
The Administrators of the African DNA Project, "Children of Mother Africa"
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©2006 The African DNA Project, the "Children Of Mother Africa". All Rights Reserved.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.5 License. | Family Tree DNA - Genealogy by Genetics, Ltd.
World Headquarters
1445 North Loop West, Suite 820 Houston, Texas 77008, USA
Phone: (713) 868-1438 | Fax: (832) 201-7147
Contact Us
All Contents Copyright 2001-2004 Genealogy by Genetics, Ltd.
Project Background, Goals, Results and News are copyright of the specific Surname Project Project Results:
Please note, many participants will have both African yDNA and African mtDNA. However, there are participants who will belong to an African yDNA Haplogroup but, at the same, belong to either a Native American or a European mtDNA as well. Others may have the opposite, an African mtDNA and belong to a Native American or European yDNA Haplogroup. We will only show the participant's African Haplotype sequence.
However, anyone fitting this description is welcome because you are just as much a part of this project.
Also, at this time, the mtDNA haplotype sequences cannot be separated into groups as in the yDNA results table.
We recommend that you add your mtDNA results to MitoSearch or your yDNA Results to ySearch. Make sure to add your most distant paternal ancestor (male) or most distant maternal (female) ancestor under your "Set Up Preferences" on your personal FTDNA page.
Finally, although this is an African DNA Project, many individuals will be admixed. For this reason, only the African Haplotype sequences will be used in any phylogenetic analysis diagrams, cladograms or haplotrees.
To include your ancestor on the map, please update your most distant paternal and maternal ancestor information under your "Set Up Preferences" on your personal FTDNA page. Many have no data in this section. Remember even if a male has had the mtDNA test, only the most distant maternal (female) ancestor which that mtDNA represents should be entered in the maternal box. Map will be updated as information is received. Remember to reload each visit or empty your browser cache.
Remember to zoom in or out to better visualize the cities not visible on the gross map. If you get lost, recenter, zoom out and start over. Alternatively, you may use the city/ region loactor list below the map.
African DNA Project Ancestor Map
Notice:
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License. Commercial use is not allowed. The information is free for personal users and researchers, attribution is required on derivative works. You can click on the image or the link for more information. There may be errors in this work. You should do your own research and should not rely on the correctness of information found here.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.5 License.
The Administrators of the African DNA Project, "Children of Mother Africa" | Family Tree DNA - Genealogy by Genetics, Ltd.
World Headquarters
1445 North Loop West, Suite 820 Houston, Texas 77008, USA
Phone: (713) 868-1438 | Fax: (832) 201-7147
Contact Us
All Contents Copyright 2001-2004 Genealogy by Genetics, Ltd.
Project Background, Goals, Results and News are copyright of the specific Surname Project Family Tree DNA - Genealogy by Genetics, Ltd.
World Headquarters
1445 North Loop West, Suite 820 Houston, Texas 77008, USA
Phone: (713) 868-1438 | Fax: (832) 201-7147
Contact Us
All Contents Copyright 2001-2004 Genealogy by Genetics, Ltd.
Project Background, Goals, Results and News are copyright of the specific Surname Project DNA Test Results (mtDNA) for Project Members Family Tree DNA - Genealogy by Genetics, Ltd.
World Headquarters
1445 North Loop West, Suite 820 Houston, Texas 77008, USA
Phone: (713) 868-1438 | Fax: (832) 201-7147
Contact Us
All Contents Copyright 2001-2004 Genealogy by Genetics, Ltd.
Project Background, Goals, Results and News are copyright of the specific Surname Project
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